Suicide Among Young People in the Americas

Quinlan-Davidson, Meaghen; Sanhueza, Antonio; Espinosa, Isabel; Escamilla-Cejudo, José Antonio; Maddaleno, Matilde

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.012

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The sole adult study examining suicidal ideation in adults found Puerto Ricans aged ≤50 years to be more likely to perform this than those aged >64 years (OR 1.71, 95%CI 1.39–2.65) [48]. Lower rates of parasuicide and suicide were also reported among elderly, but without a definitive peak among the younger age groups [47–51, 53, 54, 64, 65]. An exception is one registry-based study which reported a peak suicide rate of 28.7 per 100,000 in Cubans aged >74 years, with rates decreasing with age [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review

Brown¹,

Hambleton²,

Sobers

et al. 2017

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundDepressive disorder is the largest contributor to years lived with disability in the Caribbean, adding 948 per 100,000 in 2013. Depression is also a major risk factor for suicidal behaviour. Social inequalities influence the occurrence of depression, yet little is known about the social inequalities of this condition in the Caribbean. In support of the 2011 Rio Political Declaration on addressing health inequities, this article presents a systematic review of the role of social determinants on depression and its suicidal behaviours in the Caribbean.MethodsEight databases were searched for observational studies reporting associations between social determinants and depression frequency, severity, or outcomes. Based on the PROGRESS-plus checklist, we considered 9 social determinant groups (of 15 endpoints) for 6 depression endpoints, totalling 90 possible ways (‘relationship groups’) to explore the role of social determinants on depression. Studies with ≥50 participants conducted in Caribbean territories between 2004 and 2014 were eligible. The review was conducted according to STROBE and PRISMA guidelines. Results were planned as a narrative synthesis, with meta-analysis if possible.ResultsFrom 3951 citations, 55 articles from 45 studies were included. Most were classified as serious risk of bias. Fifty-seven relationship groups were reported by the 55 included articles, leaving 33 relationship groups (37%) without an evidence base. Most associations were reported for gender, age, residence, marital status, and education. Depression, its severity, and its outcomes were more common among females (except suicide which was more common among males), early and middle adolescents (among youth), and those with lower levels of education. Marriage emerged as both a risk and protective factor for depression score and prevalence, while several inequality relationships in Haiti were in contrast to typical trends.ConclusionThe risk of bias and few numbers of studies within relationship groups restricted the synthesis of Caribbean evidence on social inequalities of depression. Along with more research focusing on regional social inequalities, attempts at standardizing reporting guidelines for observational studies of inequality and studies examining depression is necessitated. This review offers as a benchmark to prioritize future research into the social determinants of depression frequency and outcomes in the Caribbean.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4371-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is to contrast what is seen for parasuicide and suicide, which occurred more often in rural areas [46–53]. One study examined suicide in a country-level; highest rates were found in in Guyana (22.4 per 100,000) and Suriname (15.3), followed by Trinidad (7.0), Cuba (4.0) and Puerto Rico (3.6) [54]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review

Brown¹,

Hambleton²,

Sobers

et al. 2017

BMC Public Health

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“…); tratar a las personas con trastornos mentales, y en particular a quienes padecen depresión, alcoholismo o esquizofrenia; realizar un seguimiento de los pacientes que intentaron quitarse la vida; fomentar un tratamiento responsable del tema en los medios de comunicación; y formar a los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud 23,24 . Es por esto que consideramos esta investigación como un primer acercamiento a la realidad nacional sobre la mortalidad por suicirev Med chile 2014; 142: 305-313 dio, dando el puntapié en el tema y entregando valiosa información para incentivar futuras investigaciones, así también considerar esta en las políticas públicas, donde se podrá en instancia futuras prestar especial atención a la población en riesgo, en especial aquellos que aumentan año a año sus tasas de suicidio sin que haya ni respuesta ni intervenciones al respecto.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Mortalidad por suicidio en Chile: tendencias en los años 1998-2011

et al. 2014

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artículos de investigación E l suicidio es un proceso complejo que conlleva un acto de violencia intencional hacia sí mismo, que afecta tanto a individuos y familias, como a comunidades y países; acarreando graves consecuencias, tanto a corto como a largo plazo y provocando además efectos perjudiciales en los servicios de atención de salud 1,2 . A él se encuentran ligados procesos como ideación suicida, planeación suicida e intento de suicidio; los que se concretan en el suicidio. El suicidio se evalúa en términos de mortalidad, ideación, planeación (Rev Med Chile 2014; 142: 305-313)

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“…Suicidal ideation is a risk factor for attempts and completed suicide and the same is true about non-suicidal self-injuries 21 . Despite the importance for accurate assessment of suicide risk between young people, very few instruments have proved to be reliable enough to this purpose due to low validity or negative predictive likelihood 22 . The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is available for free at www.cssrs.columbia.edu and has been widely used for assessment of suicidality by several agencies such as the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Integrated Health Solutions, the National Institute of Mental Health, the US Food and Drug Administration, US National Library of Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO), American Medical Association (AMA) Best Practices, Health Canada, Korean Association for Suicide Prevention, Japanese National Institute of Mental Health and Neurology and the Israeli Defense Force 23 , The C-SSRS was developed as part of the Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters (TASA) study, which assesses suicide risk in different clinical and trial settings, from inpatient psychiatric facilities to outpatient primary care and emergency departments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity rating scale in Spanish-speaking adolescents

Azcurra

2017

Colomb Med

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Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a major public health issue, and early and accurate detection is of great concern. There are many reliable instruments for this purpose, such as the Columbia-Suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS), but no validation exists for Spanish speaking Latin American adolescents.Objetive: To assess psychometric properties and cut-off scores of the C-SSRS in Spanish speaking adolescents. Methods:Exploratory assessment with principal component analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation, and confirmatory analysis (CFA) were performed on two groups with 782 and 834 participants respectively (N=1,616). Mean age was 24.8 years. A Receiver operator analysis was applied to distinguish between control and suicide-risk subgroups adolescents.Results: Promax rotation yielded two 10-items factors, for suicide ideation and behavior respectively. C-SSRS was positively correlated with other suicide risk scales, such as Beck Depression Inventory-II, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, or PHQ-9. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution as the best goodness of fit model. C-SSRS showed adequate ability to detect suicide risk group with positive predictive value of 68.3%. ROC analyses showed cutoff scores of ≥6 and ≥4 for suicide ideation and behavior scales respectively Conclusion: This research offers data supporting psychometric validity and reliability of C-SSRS in nonclinical Spanish-speaking students.Added benefits are flexible scoring and management easiness. This questionnaire yields data on distinct aspects of suicidality, being more parsimonious than separate administration of a bunch of questionnaires. Article history:Received Resumen Introducción: Suicidio adolescente es un problema de salud pública y su detección temprana es de gran interés. Hay numerosos instrumentos confiables para este objetivo, como la escala Columbia para la detección del riesgo de suicidio, pero no ha sido validada para población adolescente de habla hispana en Latinoamérica.Objetivo: Validar psicométricamente y explorar los puntos de corte para la escala Columbia en adolescentes de habla hispana. Métodos Conclusión:Esta investigación ofrece datos que apoyan la validez psicométrica y confiabilidad de la C-SSRS en población de estudiantes adolescentes hispano-hablantes latinoamericanos.Beneficios adicionales son un sistema de puntaje flexible y facilidad de administración. Este cuestionario ofrece datos sobre distintos aspectos de suicidalidad siendo más robusto que la administración separada de varios cuestionarios diferentes.

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Suicide Among Young People in the Americas

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review

Social determinants of depression and suicidal behaviour in the Caribbean: a systematic review

Mortalidad por suicidio en Chile: tendencias en los años 1998-2011

Psychometric validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity rating scale in Spanish-speaking adolescents

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