Suicide among young Australians, 1964–1993: an interstate comparison of metropolitan and rural trends

Dudley, Michael; Kelk, Norman; Florio, Tony; Howard, John; Waters, Brent

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb123382.x

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The incidence of attempted suicide in females was greater than in males (a ratio of 1.5:1) (Table 3), due to marital disharmony, economic hardship, social problems and scolding from other family members, which is in agreement with other studies [30,[33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Zinc phosphide toxicity with a trial of tranexamic acid in its management

Naggar

Mahdy

2011

Journal of Advanced Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc phosphide is a highly effective rodenticide used widely to protect grain in stores and domestically to kill rodents. Acute poisoning may be direct by ingestion or indirect through accidental inhalation of phosphine gas generated during its use. This study aims to identify the patterns of intoxication with zinc phosphide among Egyptian patients admitted to the National Egyptian Center of Clinical and Environmental Toxicological Research (NECTR); to study the role of antifibrinolytics in management of zinc phosphide toxicity; and to publish the results of the study, which include recommendations for action towards planning prevention and education programs. The study provides descriptive data and analysis of 188 cases admitted to the NECTR with acute zinc phosphide poisoning over a period of 22 months. Results show that poisoning is more common among females (60.6% of cases) than males (39.4%); the mean age is nearly 21 years old. The most common cause of poisoning is suicidal attempts (83.6%) followed by accidental exposure (16.4%). The most common causative factors that lead to self-poisoning are marital disharmony, economic hardship, social problems and scolding from other family members. Signs and symptoms of toxicity include gastrointestinal disturbances, respiratory compromise and changes in mental status. Other features include disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatic and renal impairment. Metabolic disturbances had been reported. Death can result immediately due to pulmonary edema or delayed due to cardiotoxicity. Patients must be admitted to hospital and observed for at least 3 days. Symptomatic and supportive care is the mainstay of therapy. Zinc phosphide poisoning requires gastric lavage with excessive sodium bicarbonate solution. Tranexamic acid -an antifibrinolytic

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Zinc phosphide toxicity with a trial of tranexamic acid in its management

Naggar

Mahdy

2011

Journal of Advanced Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…25;26 There has also been a significant decline in the much smaller number of deaths due to gunshot wounds, a trend that has also been recently noted in young males in Australia. 27 The role played by stricter gun control legislation in this down turn is uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of female suicide: 1986–2000

Byard

Klitte

Gilbert

2004

Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The recent spate of murders of young people in the USA, however, has led to 'gun control' beginning to be considered as a public health problem, [8][9][10][11][12] not least because the US homicide rate is the highest in the Western world. 12,13 Nonetheless, after 'a virtual epidemic of youth violence' over the last decade, 1 there are encouraging signs, as the overall homicide rate, and the carrying of rearms by male 'youth' (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and 'adults' (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) has declined a little, 2,[14][15][16][17] , though variations between states and locale remain. 4,18,19 Whilst the role of rearms in homicides is an issue, there is a need for balance, as there is an apparent public 'acceptance' of a high mortality which does not attract the same level of controversy, for example that of road deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…21 In the UK, only 3% of all homicides involved guns, 22 whereas in the USA, it is estimated that 71% of all homicides and 61% of suicides are rearmrelated, 2, 18, 23 notwithstanding US and international evidence that the accessibility of rearms and suicide are linked. 11,19,[24][25][26][27] The high American toll appears to be an apparent 'acceptable' by-product of the citizen's Constitutional right to carry arms. However, it is suggested that if the differences in violent deaths in the USA and the rest of developed world were more widely understood, then the public health problem might be acknowledged [8][9][10][11][12] and the chance for change could be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All data are extrapolated from the latest WHO mortality rates. Ratios of ratios are calculated from annual US rates since 1974 to demonstrate the changing pattern of 'youth' (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and 'adult' (25-34) homicide with the General Population Rate (GPR) . The ve-year average homicide rates are analysed in the 10 major countries, by gender and age, to illustrate the different patterns of homicide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An international comparison of 'youth' (15–24) and 'adult' (25–34) homicide 1974–94: Highlighting the US anomaly

Pritchard

Evans

2001

Critical Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRAC T Youth murder in the USA has given further impetus to the 'gun debate' in American culture. It is argued that if the extent of violent deaths in the USA, compared with the rest of the developed world, was more widely understood, this would improve the likelihood of change. A USA/international comparison of 'youth & adult' (15-34) homicide was undertaken to demonstrate the anomaly of the US homicide situation compared with other major Western countries. All data are extrapolated from the latest WHO mortality rates. Ratios of ratios are calculated from annual US rates since 1974 to demonstrate the changing pattern of 'youth' (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and 'adult' (25-34) homicide with the General Population Rate (GPR) . The ve-year average homicide rates are analysed in the 10 major countries, by gender and age, to illustrate the different patterns of homicide. The latest numbers of US homicides over 7.75 years, a matching period being the Vietnam War, are compared against the daily average US fatalities during the con ict. Homicide is relatively a rare statistical event, and as slight changes in countries with small populations can disproportionately distort the ratios, such countries are excluded from the analysis. For completeness, all the latest Western homicide rates are given in the appendix. Only countries with populations of 16 million or more were reviewed, these were: Australia, (1990-95). The main outcome measures were age-related homicide rates per million of population for the international comparison averaged over the latest ve years , and actual numbers of deaths for the comparison with the Vietnam War casualty rate. Within the context of a decline in US murder GPR, 'youth' homicide has never been higher: up 48% in the last decade. US male and female 'youth and adult' homicide rates were more than five and three times respectively the rate of the next highest country. A substantial number were linked to rearms. Over the past 7.75 years, an average of 37.5 young men and women (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) were murdered daily in the USA, approximately 26.7 by firearms, compared with the average of 21.4 US deaths a day during the Vietnam con ict. The chronic toll of possibly preventable deaths represents a serious public health problem.

show abstract

Suicide among young Australians, 1964–1993: an interstate comparison of metropolitan and rural trends

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Zinc phosphide toxicity with a trial of tranexamic acid in its management

Zinc phosphide toxicity with a trial of tranexamic acid in its management

Changing patterns of female suicide: 1986–2000

An international comparison of 'youth' (15–24) and 'adult' (25–34) homicide 1974–94: Highlighting the US anomaly

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About