Suicide among schizophrenics: A review

Drake, Robert E.; Gates, Charlene; Whitaker, Anne; Cotton, Paul

doi:10.1016/0010-440x(85)90053-7

Cited by 226 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A considerable proportion of chronically ill patients (13 to 50%) will also have depressive symptoms, although their psychosis is relatively stable Lindenmeyer et al 1991;McGlashan and Carpenter 1976), and it has been estimated that approximately 60% of patients with schizophrenia suffer a major depressive episode at sometime during the course of their illness (Martin et al 1985). Such episodes often lead to suicide (Drake et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder A 6-Week Placebo-Controlled Trial

Daniel

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

351

157

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is a novel antipsychotic with high affinity for dopamine D 2 and D 3 , serotonin 5HT 2A , 5HT 2C , and 5HT 1D receptors and high affinity for the 5HT 1A receptor, where it acts as a potent agonist (Seeger et al. 1995) (Table 1).Ziprasidone moderately inhibits 5HT and norepinephrine re-uptake into nerve terminals, has relatively modest affinity for histamine H 1 and adrenergic ␣ 1 receptors, low affinity for dopamine D 1 and ␣ 2 receptors, and negligible affinity for M 1 receptors.In vitro functional dopamine receptor antagonism by ziprasidone has been demonstrated by concentrationdependent blockade of effects induced by a D 2 agonist, quinpirole (inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase) (Seeger et al. 1995). After systemic administration, ziprasidone produced relatively modest increases in dopamine metabolites as compared with haloperidol (Seeger et al. 1995).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder A 6-Week Placebo-Controlled Trial

Daniel

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

351

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While the first 10 years of illness are reportedly the period of highest risk for suicide among young subjects with schizophrenia who experience depressive symptoms (50,51), the possibly clinically important relationships of later illness stages (30) and older age to depression have remained obscure. We found depressive syndromes most commonly among the young and old men but in the young and middle-aged women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide and schizophrenia: a nationwide psychological autopsy study on age- and sex-specific clinical characteristics of 92 suicide victims with schizophrenia

1997

AJP

247

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T he risk of suicide in schizophrenia is high; it is estimated that 10%-13% of all persons suffering from schizophrenia commit suicide (1). Suicide rates vary among mortality studies, between 147 and 750 per 100,000 persons with schizophrenia per year (2-6). The rate is consistently higher among men than women, but some studies have shown a higher standardized mortality ratio for women (7-9). The prevalence of schizophrenia among unselected persons who committed suicide has varied from 2% to 12% (10-16).Many studies of clinical characteristics of suicide victims with schizophrenia have been compromised by the relatively small numbers of subjects and thus inadequate representation of women for comparisons of the sexes, by the heterogenous diagnostic criteria used, by the frequent selection of the suicide population from hospitals, and by data based only on patient records.Seven studies (17-23) have so far investigated completed suicides among groups of 15 or more suicide victims with DSM-III or DSM-III-R schizophrenia. In these studies young adult age, male sex, and mean illness duration under 10 years have characterized suicide victims with schizophrenia. Some studies, however, have shown an increased rate of suicide mortality over the span of the illness (24). Comorbid depressive symptoms, alcoholism, previous suicide attempts, and communication of suicidal intent have been associated with suicide risk (15,17,(19)(20)(21). These, as well as some physical disorders, have also been found to be associated with suicide in the general population (25). Mental disorders, suicide method, and history of previous suicide attempts have been found to vary with age and sex

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“…Factors defining those patients with schizophrenia at relatively high risk for suicide have been comprehensively reviewed (5,7,12,(33)(34)(35) and can be divided into those which are shared with other clinical populations and those which are unique to schizophrenia. As summarized by Caldwell and Gottesman (5), shared risk factors include 1) gender (male), 2) ethnicity (white), 3) social isolation, 4) depression or depressed mood, 5) hopelessness, 6) past history of suicide attempts, 7) family history of suicide, 8) unmarried, 9) unemployed, 10) deteriorating health with good premorbid functioning, 11) recent loss or rejection, 12) childhood parental loss, 13) limited external support, and 14) family stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organizing available data concerning suicide risk factors into a coherent clinical profile, Drake et al (33,41,42) noted that schizophrenic patients who kill themselves tend to be younger and to have good premorbid functioning and high self-expectations for performance. Suffering from a recurrent illness with numerous relapses, they find themselves neither able to achieve these expectations nor able to relinquish them and accept the limitations and disabilities imposed by mental illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms, subtype, and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Fenton

McGlashan²,

Victor³

et al. 1997

AJP

240

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Suicide among schizophrenics: A review

Cited by 226 publications

References 22 publications

Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder A 6-Week Placebo-Controlled Trial

Ziprasidone 80 mg/day and 160 mg/day in the Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder A 6-Week Placebo-Controlled Trial

Suicide and schizophrenia: a nationwide psychological autopsy study on age- and sex-specific clinical characteristics of 92 suicide victims with schizophrenia

Symptoms, subtype, and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

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