Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Prevalence and Association with Distal and Proximal Factors in Spanish University Students

Abstract

Our results indicate a high prevalence of SI among Spanish university students and identify protective and risk factors from a comprehensive conceptual model.

Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among the University Students in Bangladesh: A Single-Site Survey

“…Additionally, chisquare tests were calculated using SPSS. Chi-squares (for all variables) and binary regression tests (for the significant variables) were performed with past-year suicidal ideation as the dependent variable as has been done in previous studies (e.g., Blasco et al 2019;Eskin et al 2016). Based on the suggestive cutoff score, smartphone addiction was categorized if the participants scored a total 21 on the SABAS (out of 36; Lin et al 2019), whereas those who scored 19 (out of 30) on the BFAS were categorized as being at risk of Facebook addiction (Bányai et al 2017).…”

“…Suicide and suicidal behaviors are closely related and the associated risk factors can be divided into two major groups (i.e., distal [predisposing] factors and proximal [precipitating] factors) (Blasco et al 2019;Klonsky et al 2016). Proximal risk factors are those factors that have a direct contributing role in suicidality such as hopelessness, depression, impaired memory specificity, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders).…”

“…Proximal risk factors are those factors that have a direct contributing role in suicidality such as hopelessness, depression, impaired memory specificity, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, stress-related disorders). Distal risk factors are predisposing risk factors that often contribute to and/or interplay with the aforementioned proximal factors (e.g., childhood adversities, interpersonal violence, bullying or dating violence in early life, parental psychopathology, parental death, family divorce and/or discord, epigenetic changes, and genetic influences) (Beautrais 2000;Blasco et al 2019;Franklin et al 2017;Turecki and Brent 2016). Additionally, recent studies have suggested problematic technology use (i.e., internet addiction, Facebook addiction, smartphone addiction) can also play direct and indirect roles in suicide and suicidal behaviors via associated behaviors such as emotional distress and sleep disturbance (Becker et al 2004;Cheng et al 2015;Guo et al 2018; Jasso-Medrano and Lopez-Rosales 2018; Kim et al 2019;Luxton et al 2012;Mok et al 2015;Wong et al 2013).…”

Gender commonalities and differences in risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A cross‐sectional study of Spanish university students

“…Understanding the categories moving from systemic to individual represents a more useful approach. While previous analyses of UNIVERSAL project used a distal/proximal‐factor epidemiological model (Blasco et al, ), a gender approach of suicidal risk does not correspond to a linear model and WHO socio‐ecological model may be more adequate and complementary.…”

Influencia de la situación laboral y otros factores socioeconómicos sobre la salud mental de la población española = Influence of the employment status and other socio-economic factors on the mental health of the Spanish population

“…Sin embargo, a pesar de que este gradiente ha sido sistemáticamente observado en estudios representativos a nivel de España, no se ha conseguido explicar de manera satisfactoria hasta la fecha. Además, esta evidencia resulta contradictoria con la mostrada por algunos otros trabajos focalizados en población de estudiantes universitarios (Blasco et al, 2018;Kim, Saw, & Zane, 2015), los cuales apuntan a que la prevalencia de problemas de salud mental en esta población podría ser mucho mayor que en la población considerada en su conjunto. Respecto a las explicaciones del mencionado gradiente de aumento de prevalencia de problemas de salud mental a medida que el nivel de estudios es menor, en gran parte de los casos, se ha recurrido a argumentos basados en la clase social o el nivel socioeconómico, siendo esta una explicación de este fenómeno parcial y no siempre adecuada.…”