“…It was hypothesized that Depressive Symptoms would be positively related to Suicidal Ideation (Path Z, Figure 1), and research evidence supports this hypothesis in studies of American (and Canadian) Indian youth (Dinges & Duong-Tran, 1994;Gartrell, Jarvis, & Derksen, 1993;Howard-Pitney, LaFromboise, Basil, September, & Johnson, 1992;Manson, Beals, Dick, & Duclos, 1989;Novins, Beals, Roberts, & Manson, 1999) and in several studies of non-Native youth (e.g., De Man & Leduc, 1995;Overholser, Adams, Lehnert, & Brinkman, 1995;Simons & Murphy, 1985). In a study cited in the Negative Life Events subsection above, Gartrell and colleagues (Gartrell, Jarvis, & Derksen, 1993) In a study cited in the Enculturation subsection above, Howard-Pitney and colleagues (Howard-Pitney, LaFromboise, Basil, September, & Johnson, 1992) In a second study cited in the Enculturation subsection above, Novins and colleagues (Novins, Beals, Roberts, & Manson, 1999) Moreover, Dinges and Duong-Tran (1994) Finally, in one study of non-Native youth cited above (Self-Esteem subsection above;…”