Suicidal ideation among medical students of Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Osama, Muhammad; Islam, Mohammad Yousuful; Hussain, Syed Ather; Masroor, Syed Muhammad Zia; Burney, Muhammad Usman; Masood, Muhammad Shahid; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Rehman, Razaur

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.08.006

Cited by 83 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Then the questionnaire was back-translated into English by another two language experts and validated. Recent suicidal ideation (over the past 12 months) was assessed with the help of four questions in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28) pertaining to suicide [15,16]. These questions were validated and found to have similar sensitivity in detecting suicidal ideation as other suicidal intent scales [17].…”

Section: Methodology Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking dose-response and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Sathian

Menezes

Asim

et al. 2020

Nepal J Epidemiology

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Background: Worldwide, tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for morbidity and early mortality among adult population. The present study aimed to find out the association between current smoking and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 452 youths from Pokhara, Nepal. The present study included both genders (age 18-24 years) who were smokers as well as non-smokers. Results: Across the study period, 452 participants were identified after matching for age, and sex (226 in the smoking group and 226 in the non-smoking group). The mean age of participants was 21.6±1.2 years and 58.8% were males. The overall rate of suicidal ideation in our cohort was 8.9%. Smokers were slightly more likely to report suicidal ideation than non-smokers (aOR 1.12). The risk of developing suicidal ideation was 3.56 (95% CI 1.26-10.09) times more in individuals who smoked greater than 3.5 cigarettes per week (p=0.01). Conclusion: The rate of suicidal ideation was slightly higher among smokers and a dose-response relationship was identified with the number of cigarettes smoked per week. Being aware of the link between smoking and suicidal ideation may help health care professionals working with young people to address more effectively the issues of mental well-being and thoughts about suicide.

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Section: Methodology Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking dose-response and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Sathian

Menezes

Asim

et al. 2020

Nepal J Epidemiology

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“…Twenty-four cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) in 15 countries reported on the prevalence of suicidal ideation (Table 2). 4,5,34,62,65,73,74,79,112,160,165,167,174,[185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195] Medical student training level, continent or region, country, diagnostic criteria or screening instrument cutoff, and total Newcastle-Ottawa scores for the studies appear in eTable 1 in the Supplement. Newcastle-Ottawa score components for all 195 individual studies appear in eTable 2 in the Supplement.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students

Rotenstein

Ramos

Torre

et al. 2016

JAMA

1,614

1,333

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IMPORTANCE Medical students are at high risk for depression and suicidal ideation. However, the prevalence estimates of these disorders vary between studies.OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in medical students.DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation in medical students published before September 17, 2016. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods were included.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Information on study characteristics; prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; and whether students who screened positive for depression sought treatment was extracted independently by 3 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESPoint or period prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation as assessed by validated questionnaire or structured interview.RESULTS Depression or depressive symptom prevalence data were extracted from 167 cross-sectional studies (n = 116 628) and 16 longitudinal studies (n = 5728) from 43 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.2% (37 933/122 356 individuals; 95% CI, 24.7% to 29.9%, I 2 = 98.9%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 9.3% to 55.9%. Depressive symptom prevalence remained relatively constant over the period studied (baseline survey year range of 1982-2015; slope, 0.2% increase per year [95% CI, −0.2% to 0.7%]). In the 9 longitudinal studies that assessed depressive symptoms before and during medical school (n = 2432), the median absolute increase in symptoms was 13.5% (range, 0.6% to 35.3%). Prevalence estimates did not significantly differ between studies of only preclinical students and studies of only clinical students (23.7% [95% CI, 19.5% to 28.5%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 17.6% to 28.2%]; P = .72). The percentage of medical students screening positive for depression who sought psychiatric treatment was 15.7% (110/954 individuals; 95% CI, 10.2% to 23.4%, I 2 = 70.1%). Suicidal ideation prevalence data were extracted from 24 cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) from 15 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.1% (2043/21 002 individuals; 95% CI, 9.0% to 13.7%, I 2 = 95.8%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 7.4% to 24.2%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was 27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. Further research is nee...

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“…A high prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students has been reported worldwide [2–19]. An increased prevalence compared with age-matched peers in general population [20, 21] and with non-medical students has been reported in the literature [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated to depression and anxiety in medical students: a multicenter study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTo evaluate personal and institutional factors related to depression and anxiety prevalence of students from 22 Brazilian medical schools.MethodsThe authors performed a multicenter study (August 2011 to August 2012), examining personal factors (age, sex, housing, tuition scholarship) and institutional factors (year of the medical training, school legal status, location and support service) in association with scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).ResultsOf 1,650 randomly selected students, 1,350 (81.8 %) completed the study. The depressive symptoms prevalence was 41 % (BDI > 9), state-anxiety 81.7 % and trait-anxiety in 85.6 % (STAI > 33). There was a positive relationship between levels of state (r = 0,591, p < 0.001) and trait (r = 0,718, p < 0.001) anxiety and depression scores. All three symptoms were positively associated with female sex and students from medical schools located in capital cities of both sexes. Tuition scholarship students had higher state-anxiety but not trait-anxiety or depression scores. Medical students with higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms disagree more than their peers with the statements “I have adequate access to psychological support” and “There is a good support system for students who get stressed”.ConclusionsThe factors associated with the increase of medical students’ depression and anxiety symptoms were female sex, school location and tuition scholarship. It is interesting that tuition scholarship students showed state-anxiety, but not depression and trait-anxiety symptoms.

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Suicidal ideation among medical students of Pakistan: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 83 publications

References 18 publications

Cigarette smoking dose-response and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Cigarette smoking dose-response and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students

Factors associated to depression and anxiety in medical students: a multicenter study

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