Sugars, the clock and transition to flowering

Moghaddam, Mohammad Reza Bolouri; Ende, Wim Van den

doi:10.3389/fpls.2013.00022

Cited by 88 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The transition to flowering has been associated with leaf carbohydrate content, the degradation of starch and the transport of Suc to the shoot and root meristem (Corbesier et al 1998). There is evidence suggesting that Suc promotes flowering (Moghaddam and Ende 2013) and the concept that has emerged is that high C:N ratio promotes flowering while a low C:N ratio promotes vegetative growth (Corbesier et al 2002). The early flowering in the SPS transformants followed by the GS 1 /SPS transformants can thus be attributed to the higher Suc content relative to organic N, when compared to the NT plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of concurrent overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) on growth and development in transgenic tobacco

Seger

Gebril

Tabilona

et al. 2014

Planta

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The outcome of simultaneously increasing SPS and GS activities in transgenic tobacco, suggests that sucrose is the major determinant of growth and development, and is not affected by changes in N assimilation. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the major components required for plant growth and the metabolic pathways for C and N assimilation are very closely interlinked. Maintaining an appropriate balance or ratio of sugar to nitrogen metabolites in the cell, is important for the regulation of plant growth and development. To understand how C and N metabolism interact, we manipulated the expression of key genes in C and N metabolism individually and concurrently and checked for the repercussions. Transgenic tobacco plants with a cytosolic soybean glutamine synthetase (GS1) gene and a sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene from maize, both driven by the CaMV 35S promoter were produced. Co-transformants, with both the transgenes were produced by sexual crosses. While GS is the key enzyme in N assimilation, involved in the synthesis of glutamine, SPS plays a key role in C metabolism by catalyzing the synthesis of sucrose. Moreover, to check if nitrate has any role in this interaction, the plants were grown under both low and high nitrogen. The SPS enzyme activity in the SPS and SPS/GS1 co-transformants were the same under both nitrogen regimens. However, the GS activity was lower in the co-transformants compared to the GS1 transformants, specifically under low nitrogen conditions. The GS1/SPS transformants showed a phenotype similar to the SPS transformants, suggesting that sucrose is the major determinant of growth and development in tobacco, and its effect is only marginally affected by increased N assimilation. Sucrose may be functioning in a metabolic capacity or as a signaling molecule.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of concurrent overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) on growth and development in transgenic tobacco

Seger

Gebril

Tabilona

et al. 2014

Planta

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“…In plant microbe interactions, sugars serve as signaling molecules for resistance induction against the pathogens and this resistance is termed as “sweet immunity” (Bolouri Moghaddam and Van den Ende, 2013). Like sucrose is involved in activating plant immune responses against pathogens (Tauzin and Giardina, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Potential ISR Determinant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM12 against Fusarium Wilt in Tomato

Fatima

Anjum

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Biocontrol of plant diseases through induction of systemic resistance is an environmental friendly substitute to chemicals in crop protection measures. Different biotic and abiotic elicitors can trigger the plant for induced resistance. Present study was designed to explore the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM12 in inducing systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt. Initially the bioactive compound, responsible for ISR, was separated and identified from extracellular filtrate of P. aeruginosa PM12. After that purification and characterization of the bacterial crude extracts was carried out through a series of organic solvents. The fractions exhibiting ISR activity were further divided into sub-fractions through column chromatography. Sub fraction showing maximum ISR activity was subjected to Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the identification of compounds. Analytical result showed three compounds in the ISR active sub-fraction viz: 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzene methanol (HMB), eugenol and tyrosine. Subsequent bioassays proved that HMB is the potential ISR determinant that significantly ameliorated Fusarium wilt of tomato when applied as soil drench method at the rate of 10 mM. In the next step of this study, GC-MS analysis was performed to detect changes induced in primary and secondary metabolites of tomato plants by the ISR determinant. Plants were treated with HMB and Fusarium oxysporum in different combinations showing intensive re- modulations in defense related pathways. This work concludes that HMB is the potential elicitor involved in dynamic reprogramming of plant pathways which functionally contributes in defense responses. Furthermore the use of biocontrol agents as natural enemies of soil borne pathogens besides enhancing production potential of crop can provide a complementary tactic for sustainable integrated pest management.

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“…Multiple hexose-based avenues of sugar signaling are known effectors of genes for the cell cycle, hormone interaction, and others important to development of new sinks (Koch, 1996, 2004; Rolland et al, 2006; Ramon et al, 2008; Kang et al, 2010; Ruan et al, 2010; Moghaddam and Van den Ende, 2013). The same process may also be involved in initiation of new sinks through demonstrated interactions with phytochrome sensing (Kang et al, 2010; Moghaddam and Van den Ende, 2013), low oxygen signals (Koch et al, 2000; Koch, 2004), and hormonal control of meristem fate (Francis and Halford, 2006). In developing seeds and fruits, a predominance of hexoses is often associated with cell division and expansion, whereas elevated sucrose levels coincide with differentiation and maturation (Koch and Avigne, 1990; Weber et al, 1997; Sabelli and Larkins, 2009; Ruan et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Feast-or-famine Signals and Feed-forward Enhancement Of Sinkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of assimilate import into sink organs: update on molecular drivers of sink strength

et al. 2013

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Recent developments have altered our view of molecular mechanisms that determine sink strength, defined here as the capacity of non-photosynthetic structures to compete for import of photoassimilates. We review new findings from diverse systems, including stems, seeds, flowers, and fruits. An important advance has been the identification of new transporters and facilitators with major roles in the accumulation and equilibration of sugars at a cellular level. Exactly where each exerts its effect varies among systems. Sugarcane and sweet sorghum stems, for example, both accumulate high levels of sucrose, but may do so via different paths. The distinction is central to strategies for targeted manipulation of sink strength using transporter genes, and shows the importance of system-specific analyses. Another major advance has been the identification of deep hypoxia as a feature of normal grain development. This means that molecular drivers of sink strength in endosperm operate in very low oxygen levels, and under metabolic conditions quite different than previously assumed. Successful enhancement of sink strength has nonetheless been achieved in grains by up-regulating genes for starch biosynthesis. Additionally, our understanding of sink strength is enhanced by awareness of the dual roles played by invertases (INVs), not only in sucrose metabolism, but also in production of the hexose sugar signals that regulate cell cycle and cell division programs. These contributions of INV to cell expansion and division prove to be vital for establishment of young sinks ranging from flowers to fruit. Since INV genes are themselves sugar-responsive “feast genes,” they can mediate a feed-forward enhancement of sink strength when assimilates are abundant. Greater overall productivity and yield have thus been attained in key instances, indicating that even broader enhancements may be achievable as we discover the detailed molecular mechanisms that drive sink strength in diverse systems.

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Sugars, the clock and transition to flowering

Cited by 88 publications

References 87 publications

Impact of concurrent overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) on growth and development in transgenic tobacco

Impact of concurrent overexpression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) on growth and development in transgenic tobacco

Identification of a Potential ISR Determinant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM12 against Fusarium Wilt in Tomato

Regulation of assimilate import into sink organs: update on molecular drivers of sink strength

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