Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus P1 Attenuates Plant Antiviral Immunity and Enhances Potato Virus X Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana

Abstract

The sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) is the most important disease in sugarcane produced in southern China. The SCSMV encoded protein 1 (P1SCSMV) is important in disease development, but little is known about its detailed functions in plant–virus interactions. Here, the differential accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the heterologous expression of P1SCSMV via a potato virus X (PVX)-based expression system, using a newly developed four-dimensional proteomics approach. The data were evaluated for credibility and reliability using qRT-RCR and Western blot analyses. The physiological response caused by host factors that directly interacted with the PVX-encoded proteins was more pronounced for enhancing the PVX accumulation and pathogenesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. P1SCSMV reduced photosynthesis by damaging the photosystem II (PSII). Overall, P1SCSMV promotes changes in the physiological status of its host by up- or downregulating the expression of host factors that directly interact with the viral proteins. This creates optimal conditions for PVX replication and movement, thereby enhancing its accumulation levels and pathogenesis. Our investigation is the first to supply detailed evidence of the pathogenesis-enhancing role of P1SCSMV, which provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind virus–host interactions.

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus P1 protein inhibits unfolded protein response through direct suppression of bZIP60U splicing

“…PVX-GFP and PVX-P1 SCSMV were constructed as previously described [ 39 ]. Briefly, the original pGreen208 vector expressed the infectious cDNA of PVX-GFP, and the open reading frame of P1 SCSMV was cloned into the pND108 vector [ 41 ].…”

“…Recombinant DNase I (RNase-free) kit (Code No, 2270A, Takara, Dalian, China) was used to digest genomic contaminations in total RNAs. Then, the cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription reaction using the M-MLV reverse transcriptase (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China) from the 1.0 μg of total RNA as described [ 39 ]. The primers used are listed in S1 Table .…”

“…CBB staining of the large rubisco subunit was treated as the loading control. For western blotting, whole proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Hybond-C, GE Healthcare) as described previously [ 39 ]. Anti-GFP (Code No, D110008), and anti-FLAG (Code No, D110005) (Sangon Biotech BBI, Shanghai, China) antibodies were purchased.…”

“…P1 SCSMV has been shown to be the most distinct protein among Potyviridae members, representing evolutionary variation contributing to the viral adaptation to a wide range of host species [ 35 ]. The P1 SCSMV of Poacevirus has also been shown to be a classical VSR, [ 36 , 37 ], plays a disease-enhancing role in conditions of cis -heterogeneous-mediated expression by potato virus X (PVX) in Nicotiana benthamiana [ 38 , 39 ]. The P1 SCSMV protein of the triticum mosaic virus, which is the type virus of the genus Poacevirus , can inhibit host antiviral RNA silencing by binding to the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) [ 40 ].…”

Discovery and Development of Luvangetin from Zanthoxylum avicennae as a New Fungicide Candidate for Fusarium verticillioides

“…Label-free protein quantification of hyphae samples of F. verticillioides was performed similarly to the transcriptomics analyses (Luming Biological Technology Co., Shanghai, China), which primarily included total protein extraction, trypsin digestion, chromatographic fractionation (optional), LC−MS/MS data acquisition, protein identification and quantification, differential expression protein screening, functional annotation, and pathway analysis. 17 For all identified proteins, the Fisher-tests was used to show the significance of differentially expressed proteins, and that proteins with a p-value < 0.05 were considered significant. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed as described above.…”