Sugar-sweetened beverages and body mass index in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Forshee, Richard A.; Anderson, Philip C.; Storey, Maureen

doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1662

Cited by 267 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Eight were systematic reviews, 18,25-31 three were combined systematic reviews and meta-analyses, [32][33][34] and two were metaanalyses. 14,35 The erratum by Forshee and colleagues 36 was included as part of the review by Forshee and colleagues. 35 In addition, four of the included reviews came from two authors' groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,35 The erratum by Forshee and colleagues 36 was included as part of the review by Forshee and colleagues. 35 In addition, four of the included reviews came from two authors' groups. The reviews by Malik and colleagues and Malik and colleagues are from the same group of authors as well as the reviews by Mattes and colleagues and Kaiser and colleagues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Obesity among Children and Adolescents: A Review of Systematic Literature Reviews

2015

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Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has increased worldwide and has reached alarming proportions. Currently, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the primary source of added sugar in the diet of children and adolescents. Contradictive findings from studies and reviews have fueled an endless debate on the role of SSBs in the development of childhood obesity.Methods: The primary aim of the present review of reviews was to assess how review-and study-level methodological factors explain conflicting results across reviews and meta-analyses by providing an up-to-date synthesis of recent evidence regarding the association between SSB consumption and weight gain, overweight, and obesity in a population of 6-month-old to 19-year-old children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to assess the quality of included reviews using the Assessment of Multiple SysTemAtic Reviews (AMSTAR) measurement tool. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses were included. The literature search was performed through the platforms Pubmed/Medline, Cinahl, and Web of Knowledge.Results: Thirteen reviews and meta-analyses were included. Nine reviews concluded that there was a direct association between SSBs and obesity in children and adolescents and four others did not. The quality of the included reviews was low to moderate, and the two reviews with the highest quality scores showed discrepant results.Conclusions: The majority of reviews concluded that there was a direct association between SSB consumption and weight gain, overweight, and obesity in children and adolescents. However, recent evidence from well-conducted meta-analyses shows discrepant results regarding the association between SSB and weight gain, overweight, and obesity among children and adolescents. Improving methodological quality of studies and reviews as well as ensuring responsible conduct of research and scientific integrity is essential for the provision of objective results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Obesity among Children and Adolescents: A Review of Systematic Literature Reviews

2015

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“…For the analysis of the questionnaire, all the response options were recoded as daily frequencies and the answers to the respective items were summed up to correspond to the five messages and their components developed by The Swiss Society for Nutrition (http://www.sge-ssn.ch/fr/info-ecoles/ materiel-didactique/disque-de-lalimentation/propositionsdactivites-didactiques.html) and based on factors implicated in childhood obesity (Wolfe et al, 1994;Field et al, 2003;Nicklas et al, 2003;Bowman et al, 2004;Dubois et al, 2008;Forshee et al, 2008) (Table 1).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the latter association, many prospective studies in children have found a positive association between body weight and the intake of caloric beverages (Forshee et al, 2008). Healthy diet recommendations include the promotion of fruit and vegetables (Munoz et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent contribution of parental migrant status and educational level to adiposity and eating habits in preschool children

et al. 2010

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Background/Objective: Little is known about the precise role of parental migrant status (MS) and educational level (EL) on adiposity and various eating habits in young children. Therefore, we assessed their independent contribution in preschoolers. Subjects/Methods: Of 655 randomly selected preschoolers, 542 (5.1 ± 0.6 years; 71% of parental MS and 37% of low parental EL) were analysed. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Eating habits were assessed using a semiqualitative food frequency questionnaire and analysed according to five messages developed by the Swiss Society for Nutrition, based on factors implicated in childhood obesity: (1) 'Drinking water and decreasing sweetened drinks', (2) 'Eating fruit and vegetables', (3) 'Decreasing breakfast skipping', (4) 'Reducing fatty and sweet foods' and (5) 'Reducing the intake of meals and snacks in front of television'. Results: Children of migrant and low EL parents had higher body fat, ate more meals and snacks while watching television and had more fruit and fatty foods compared with their respective counterparts (all Pp0.04). Children of low EL parents also consumed less water and vegetables compared with their counterparts (all Pp0.04). In most instances, we found an independent contribution of parental MS and EL to adiposity and eating habits. A more pronounced effect was found if both parents were migrants or of low EL. Differences in adiposity and eating habits were relatively similar to the joint parental data when assessed individually for maternal and paternal MS and EL. Conclusions: Parental MS and EL are independently related to adiposity and various eating habits in preschoolers.

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“…Most reviews conclude that there is a positive relationship (14,(22)(23)(24) , while others find the evidence inconclusive (20,21) . Unfortunately, the majority of studies performed on this subject have a rather short follow-up period: only two studies have a follow-up from childhood into adulthood (12,25) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Is the intake of sugar-containing beverages during adolescence related to adult weight status?

Stoof

Twisk

Olthof

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between the intake of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) at the age of 13 years and adult weight status 24-30 years later. Design: A longitudinal study with 30 years of follow-up from adolescence (age 13 years in 1976) to adulthood (up to 2000 and 2006). Dietary intake was assessed through cross-check dietary history face-to-face interviews by a dietitian. Beverages were divided into two categories: (i) total SCB and (ii) SCB excluding 100 % fruit juices. Percentage of total fat (%total fat) and percentage of trunk fat (%trunk fat) were obtained through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements; body weight and height were measured by trained staff. Setting: Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, the Netherlands. Subjects: One hundred and fourteen males and 124 females. Results: In males, but not in females, each additional daily serving of SCB excluding 100 % fruit juices at 13 years was associated with 1?14 % higher %total fat (95 % CI 0?04, 2?23 %; P 5 0?04) and 1?62 % higher %trunk fat (95 % CI 0?14, 3?10 %; P 5 0?03) in adulthood after correction for confounders. No statistically significant relationship was found between the intake of SCB excluding 100 % fruit juices at the age of 13 and BMI in both sexes. In addition, no statistically significant relationships were found between the intake of total SCB and all measures of adult weight status in both sexes. Conclusions: Intake of SCB excluding 100 % fruit juices at the age of 13 years was positively associated with adult %total fat and %trunk fat in males, but not in females.

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Sugar-sweetened beverages and body mass index in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis

Abstract: The quantitative meta-analysis and qualitative review found that the association between SB consumption and BMI was near zero, based on the current body of scientific evidence.

Cited by 267 publications

References 30 publications

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Obesity among Children and Adolescents: A Review of Systematic Literature Reviews

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Obesity among Children and Adolescents: A Review of Systematic Literature Reviews

Independent contribution of parental migrant status and educational level to adiposity and eating habits in preschool children

Is the intake of sugar-containing beverages during adolescence related to adult weight status?

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