Sugar maple, black spruce and tamarack do not reproduce vegetatively from roots

Abstract

noir (Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) et l'hable a Gigdre (Ace neguncontinues to refer, erroneously, to their reputed ability to reprodo L.)) continue de faire reference, de fagon erronee, A leur duce vegetatively from root material. This error is the result of capacite kputee de se propager vegetativement par le mathiel raciimproper identification in the first place, subsequent uncritical evalmire. Cette erreur provient d'une identification ina&quat en preuatioq use of secondary rather than the o r i w reference and relucmier lieu, d'une evaluation subsequente non discriminative, de tance to reject what is "in the literature". l'utilisation de references secondaires plut6t qu'originales et la reticence rejeter ce qu'on retrouve "dam la litterature".

Population Dynamics of Fraxinus nigra in Response to Flood-Level Variations, in Northwestern Quebec

“…F. nigra is reported to sprout vig-orously after being damaged (Sims et al 1990) and to produce root suckers following cutting (Erdmann et al 1987, Sims et al 1990. To our knowledge, as was also noted by Fayle (1996) for other tree species, root suckering in F. nigra has never been quantified nor are any references with empirical data given in the primary reference. Since F. nigra sprouts are more flood and drought tolerant than seedlings (Lees andWest 1988, Sims et al 1990), mortality due to stem competition within a clump is probably very important and may extend over many years.…”

Altered growth with blue rings: comparison of radial growth and wood anatomy between trampled and non-trampled Scots pine roots

“…Various above-and belowground factors affect the growth of roots and stems (Fayle, 1968;Bohm, 1979;McMichael and Burke, 1998;Pregitzer et al, 2000). Root growth pattern is known to be affected by soil properties such as soil compaction, bulk density and organic matter content (Bohm, 1979).…”

“…Radial growth of roots and stems serves as a unique source of information on ecological changes in the natural environment (Cook and Kairiukstis, 1990;Schweingruber, 1996), however tree-ring chronologies from roots are exceptionally rare. Traditionally, studies of radial growth focused mainly on the tree stem (Schulman, 1945;Fayle 1968;Krause and Eckstein, 1993;Krause and Morin, 1995) and few analyses have been carried out on root chronologies, mainly because sampling of the belowground tree parts is difficult. In addition, analyses of roots differ from analyses of stem growth, because the radial growth and the anatomy of the root is potentially altered by other environmental factors than stem growth, such as soil conditions.…”

“…In addition, analyses of roots differ from analyses of stem growth, because the radial growth and the anatomy of the root is potentially altered by other environmental factors than stem growth, such as soil conditions. This results in differences in ring-width development as well as in the anatomical structure of roots, which often differs significantly from the structure of stem wood (Glock et al, 1937;Fayle, 1968;Krause and Eckstein, 1993).…”

Bank erosion and erosion processes from dendrogeomorphology in southern U.S. prairie streams

“…Dendrogeomorphology is a technique whereby the date of anomalies identified in the annual growth increment of trees is used to determine the timing of various geomorphic processes such as stream bank erosion (Alestalo, 1971; Shroder, 1980). In tree roots, annual growth increments change appearance after exposure to dry air with vessel changing anatomically from large, dispersed, diffuse‐porous vessel wood to small, dense, ring‐porous vessels (Fayle, 1968). Annual growth increments in exposed roots also show higher variability in ring widths, bending rays, and scar tissue (Schweingruber, 2007; Stoffel & Bollschweiler, 2009).…”