Sugar Composition of Lipopolysaccharides of Family Vibrionaceae—Absence of 2-Keto-3-Deoxyoctonate (KDO) with the Exception of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus 06 and Plesiomonas Shigelloides—

Abstract

A comparative study was carried out on the sugar composition of lipo-polysaccharides (LPS) isolated from representative strains of members of the family Vibrionaceae including all of the constituting genera, i.e., Vibrio, Aeromonas, Photobacterium, Plesiomonas, and Lucibacterium. More than 100 strains were examined. It was found that, with the exception of Vibrio parahaemolyticus 06, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), known generally as a component sugar in the core region of usual gram-negative bacterial LPS, is virtually absent from LPS of the Vibrio-naceae strains so far examined. Furthermore, mannose was also lacking in LPS of Vibrionaceae strains with the exception of only one strain, A. anaerogenes (ATCC 15467). Instead, some KDO-like substances were found in LPS from Vibrio ("Beneckea H) nereida (ATCC 25917) and Plesiomonas shigelloides including the type strain (ATCC 14029), the same as those found in LPS from V. parahaemolyticus 07 and 012, and three strains of V. alginolyticus. These substances were strongly positive in the periodate-thiobarbituric acid test, yielding a color with maximum absorption at 549 nm. The spectra were identical to that of KDO, whereas substances differed from KDO at least in behavior in high-voltage paper electro-phoresis and thin-layer chromatography. A particularly interesting feature from the chemotaxonomical point of view was found in the sugar composition of LPS isolated from V. cholerae. Fructose was present exclusively in LPS of V. cholerae (both 01 and non-Ol groups and classical and eltor biotypes) with the exception of one strain of Photobacterium phosphoreum (NCMB 844). In addition, a pair of rarely occurring amino sugars, perosamine and quinovosamine, was found in LPS from 0 I group V. cholerae regardless of either the biotype (classical or eltor) or the serotype (Inaba or Ogawa), whereas this pair was not present in non-Ol group V. cholerae (the so-called NAG vibrios). This feature was confirmed with LPS from more than 30 additional strains of 0 I group V. cholerae isolated from patients. The virtual absence of KDO in LPS of the family Vibrionaceae was demonstrated for the first time in this study. These results are compatible with the in-649

Characterization of the O-4 Phosphorylated and O-5 Substituted Kdo Reducing End Group and Sequencing of the Core Oligosaccharide of Aeromonas Salmonicida ssp Salmonicida Lipopolysaccharide Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…9 The absence of Kdo in LPS from the genera Vibrio and Aeromonas has been reported in the literature. [10][11][12] It was commonly believed that Kdo was absent from the LPS of all members of the Vibrionaceae family of gramnegative bacteria. The analytical determination of Kdo was established by the thiobarbiturate-based colorimetric assay known as the Weissbach reaction.…”

Chemical Structure of the 2‐Keto‐3‐Deoxyoctonate (KDO) Region of the Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from O1 Vibrio cholerae NIH 4IR (Ogawa)

“…2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO) has been regarded as a characteristic and ubiquitous sugar constituent of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In our previous study (9), we demonstrated that KDO is not detectable in the LPS of V. cholerae in either the O1 or the non-O1 group by the conventional periodate-thiobarbituric acid method of Weissbach and Hurwitz under conventional hydrolysis conditions (18). Instead, some kind of O-phosphorylated KDO was detected in strong-acid hydrolysates of their LPS.…”

Stimulation of Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

“…Our results indicate an increase in phagocytic ability of macrophages after in vivo treatment of mice with V. parahaemolyticus LPS. Though there are some reports on the chemical composition of V. parahaemolyticus LPS, very little information is available on its biological activities (9,10). The present studies show that in vivo treatment of mice with this LPS causes stimulation of biochemical as well as functional activities of macrophages.…”