Sugar-binding activity of pea (Pisum sativum) lectin is essential for heterologous infection of transgenic white clover hairy roots by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae

Eijsden, R.R. van; Diaz, C. L.; Páter, Béla; Kijne, Jan W.

doi:10.1007/bf00020975

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Conservation of the sugar-binding ability of PSL appeared to be esscntial for the facilitation of noclulation of psl-transformed white clover hairy roots by the heterologous symbiont X l viciue (Van Eijsden et al, 1995). This observation is consistent with data from Halverson and Stacey (1985) showing that a haptenic monosaccharide inhibits stimulation of nodulation by a mutant of Bradyrkizobium japonicum after incubation of the rhizobia with soybean lectin.…”

Section: Psl Is Present On Transgenic White Clover Hairy Rootssupporting

confidence: 83%

Sugar-Binding Activity of Pea Lectin Expressed in White Clover Hairy Roots

et al. 1995

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Dénarié et al., 1992). Nodulation is regulated by a two-way exchange of plant and bacterial signal molecules (Fisher and Long, 1992;Spaink et al., 1993). Signal exchange begins in the rhizosphere. Rhizobia sense flavonoids secreted by seeds and by the host plant root, which activate the constitutively expressed nodD gene product (reviewed by Schlaman et al., 1992). This step is a determinant of host plant specificity in some Rhizobium-host plant combinations (Horvath et al., 1987; Spaink et al., 1987). Transcription of structural nod genes is under the control of NodD and results in production and secretion of specific lipochitin oligosaccharides (Nod factors), which act as host plant-specific inducers of nodule morphogenesis (reviewed by Dénarié and Cullimore, 1993;Spaink et al., 1993). Most probably, Nod factors constitute the primary determinants of host-plant specificity of nodulation.Root lectins are plant factors involved in nodulation. Lectins are nonenzymatic sugar-binding (g1yco)proteins characterized by sugar-binding specificity. For example, root PSL is Glc/Man specific (Díaz et al., 1990) and white clover root lectin is 2-deoxyglucose specific (Sherwood et al., 1984). In general, the interaction between RI uiciae and white clover does not proceed beyond root hair curling, and these bacteria are not able to penetrate host plant cells by infection thread formation (Yao and Vincent, 1969;Djordjevic et al., 1986;Huang et al., 1993). However, RI viciae is able to induce infection thread formation and nodulation in a significant percentage of white clover plants with roots transformed with the psl gene, as reported by Díaz et al. (1989Díaz et al. ( , 1995. This heterologous nodulation does not take place when a psl mutant, which encodes a non-sugar-binding protein, is used for transformation of white clover roots (Van Eijsden et al., 1992. These results strongly suggest that (a) PSL is functionally expressed in transgenic white clover roots, (b) conservation of the sugar-binding activity of PSL is necessary for infection of white clover by RI viciae, and (c) root lectin helps to break a host plant-specific barrier for nodulation. The relationship between Nod factor recognition by host plants and Rhizobium recognition by host lectin is not yet clear.PSL is an ellipsoidal, nonglycosylated dimeric lectin with two sugar-binding sites, each located near the top of two identical monomers (Einspahr et al., 1988). PSL is encoded by a single gene (Gatehouse et al., 1987;Kaminski et al., 1987) and is synthesized as a single translation product, a prolectin with a molecular mass of 28 kD. Posttranslational modifications result in a protein that dissociates into two p subunits (18 kD each) and two 01 subunits (6 kD each, Higgins et al., 1983)

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Section: Psl Is Present On Transgenic White Clover Hairy Rootssupporting

confidence: 83%

Sugar-Binding Activity of Pea Lectin Expressed in White Clover Hairy Roots

et al. 1995

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“…A gene encoding pea lectin conferred novel bacterial nodulation properties on clover plants; the transgenic clover plants were nodulated by the heterologous strain R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, which does not nodulate wild-type clover (110,411,503,505). Two Arabidopsis mutants have been described that are defective in their ability to bind A. tumefaciens (348,552).…”

Section: Binding To Host Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of and Response to Signals Involved in Host-Microbe Interactions by Plant-Associated Bacteria

Brencic

Winans

2005

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

337

208

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Diverse interactions between hosts and microbes are initiated by the detection of host-released chemical signals. Detection of these signals leads to altered patterns of gene expression that culminate in specific and adaptive changes in bacterial physiology that are required for these associations. This concept was first demonstrated for the members of the family Rhizobiaceae and was later found to apply to many other plant-associated bacteria as well as to microbes that colonize human and animal hosts. The family Rhizobiaceae includes various genera of rhizobia as well as species of Agrobacterium. Rhizobia are symbionts of legumes, which fix nitrogen within root nodules, while Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen that causes crown gall tumors on a wide variety of plants. The plant-released signals that are recognized by these bacteria are low-molecular-weight, diffusible molecules and are detected by the bacteria through specific receptor proteins. Similar phenomena are observed with other plant pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Erwinia spp., although here the signals and signal receptors are not as well defined. In some cases, nutritional conditions such as iron limitation or the lack of nitrogen sources seem to provide a significant cue. While much has been learned about the process of host detection over the past 20 years, our knowledge is far from being complete. The complex nature of the plant-microbe interactions makes it extremely challenging to gain a comprehensive picture of host detection in natural environments, and thus many signals and signal recognition systems remain to be described

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“…For plant lectins, a variety of different physiological functions have been proposed (2). They defend the plant against herbivorous animals (3, 4) and play a role in the legume-Rhizobium symbiosis (4,5). Plant lectins are also valuable tools for biochemical, analytical, and therapeutic purposes (6).…”

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confidence: 99%