Sugar Beet Shoot and Root Phenotypic Plasticity to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Lime Omission

Hadir, Sofia; Gaiser, Thomas; Hüging, Hubert; Athmann, Miriam; Pfarr, Daniel; Kemper, Roman; Ewert, Frank; Seidel, Sabine J.

doi:10.3390/agriculture11010021

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the present study, low N resulted in a herringbone root topology of sugar beets ( Figure 2 ), which would be more effective in acquiring mobile nutrients with more internal chains and longer links in low nutrient zones. 30 The LN-tolerant germplasm 780016B/12 superior (F) showed obvious increases in root length, root surface area, and leaf area and the highest N accumulation in leaves under low N stress ( Figure. 1–3 and Figure 6a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance and adaptation characteristics of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to low nitrogen supply

Liu

Yao

et al. 2022

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Nitrogen (N) is an essential element required for sugar beet growth. Sugar beets with low N (LN) tolerance and high N use efficiency are excellent materials for breeding. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the morphological and physiological responses of nine sugar beet genotypes to LN supply. It was found that 0.5 mmol·L −1 N (LN) significantly influenced the performance of leaves and the topology of roots by reducing the bioproduction of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and soluble protein (SP) and the accumulation of N in leaves and roots (LNA and RNA), thus differentially restricting the growth (hypocotyl diameter, HD; root length, RL) and biomass (leaf and root fresh weight; LFW and RFW; leaf dry weight, LDW) of these sugar beets. Principal component and cluster analyses showed that 780016B/12 superior (F) exhibited excellent tolerance to LN; it had higher SOD activity (62.70%) and APX activity (188.92%) and a higher proline content (131.82%) than 92011 (G, LN sensitive). These attributes helped 780016B/12 superior (F) to better endure LN stress, and the morphology and N distribution changed to adapt to N deficiency, such that the root length increased by 112.48%, leaf area increased by 101.23%, and leaf nitrogen accumulation reached a peak of 14.13 g/plant. It seems that LN-tolerant genotypes increased their root length and surface area by reducing the difference in biomass, thereby expanding the contact between roots and soil, which was conducive to the absorption of nutrients (N) by sugar beets and helped distribute more assimilation products to the roots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance and adaptation characteristics of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to low nitrogen supply

Liu

Yao

et al. 2022

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…According to a study by Kenter and Hoffman [46] in the first half of vegetative growth for sugar beet, root development depends on the LAI, while in the second half of the vegetation, the LAI has no effect on root development. In Germany, Hadir et al [10] measured sugar beet LAI in 2019, which was characterized as hot and dry, so plants suffered from drought and leaves were wilted. In such conditions Hadir et al [10] found on 13 June, 10 July, and 10 September that sugar beet LAI was on average 1.62, 3.05, and 1.91 m 2 m −2 , respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Germany, Hadir et al [10] measured sugar beet LAI in 2019, which was characterized as hot and dry, so plants suffered from drought and leaves were wilted. In such conditions Hadir et al [10] found on 13 June, 10 July, and 10 September that sugar beet LAI was on average 1.62, 3.05, and 1.91 m 2 m −2 , respectively. In Greece, Tsialtas and Maslaris [48], found LAI at the beginning of July in Mediterranean climate on average 2.36 m 2 m −2 and in milder climate 4.15 m 2 m −2 on average.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality with Leaf Seasonal Dynamics in Relation to Planting Densities and Nitrogen Fertilization

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to analyze the seasonal dynamics of sugar beet leaf and root yield and quality in different plant populations and the nitrogen fertilization rate. The field trials were set as four different planting densities (60,000 to 140,000 plants ha−1) and three different spring nitrogen fertilization rates: no fertilization, pre-sowing (45 kg ha−1 N), and pre-sowing with top dressing (99 kg ha−1 N in 2014 and 85.5 kg ha−1 N in 2015. The changes of leaf growth were done measuring leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR). The highest LAI in 2014 was determined on 30 July at 140,000 plants ha−1 (9.35 m2 m−1) and in 2015 on 20 June at 100,000 plants ha−1 (4.83 m2 m−2). In both years, the SLA and LAR was highest at the end of May. In relation to plant density, higher plant densities had on average the highest root yield, sucrose content, and white sugar yield. In both years, pre-sowing with top dressing spring nitrogen fertilization resulted in the highest root (95.0 t ha−1) and white sugar yield (11.4 t ha−1), whereas the highest sucrose content was after pre-sowing fertilization (14.9%).

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“…In winter wheat, Wang et al (2014) found that the effect of N on root weight density depended on soil water conditions. Root biomass under N deficiency reacted differently depending on the development stages (Hadir et al, 2021), level of deficiency (Chen et al, 2020), and tillage (Sainju et al, 2005).…”

Section: Root Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient deficiency effects on root architecture and root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops

et al. 2023

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Plant root traits play a crucial role in resource acquisition and crop performance when soil nutrient availability is low. However, the respective trait responses are complex, particularly at the field scale, and poorly understood due to difficulties in root phenotyping monitoring, inaccurate sampling, and environmental conditions. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 field studies to identify the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) deficiencies on the root systems of common crops. Root length and biomass were generally reduced, while root length per shoot biomass was enhanced under N and P deficiency. Root length decreased by 9% under N deficiency and by 14% under P deficiency, while root biomass was reduced by 7% in N-deficient and by 25% in P-deficient soils. Root length per shoot biomass increased by 33% in N deficient and 51% in P deficient soils. The root-to-shoot ratio was often enhanced (44%) under N-poor conditions, but no consistent response of the root-to-shoot ratio to P-deficiency was found. Only a few K-deficiency studies suited our approach and, in those cases, no differences in morphological traits were reported. We encountered the following drawbacks when performing this analysis: limited number of root traits investigated at field scale, differences in the timing and severity of nutrient deficiencies, missing data (e.g., soil nutrient status and time of stress), and the impact of other conditions in the field. Nevertheless, our analysis indicates that, in general, nutrient deficiencies increased the root-length-to-shoot-biomass ratios of crops, with impacts decreasing in the order deficient P > deficient N > deficient K. Our review resolved inconsistencies that were often found in the individual field experiments, and led to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying root plasticity in fields with low nutrient availability.

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Sugar Beet Shoot and Root Phenotypic Plasticity to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Lime Omission

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Tolerance and adaptation characteristics of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to low nitrogen supply

Tolerance and adaptation characteristics of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to low nitrogen supply

Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality with Leaf Seasonal Dynamics in Relation to Planting Densities and Nitrogen Fertilization

Nutrient deficiency effects on root architecture and root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops

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