Sugar beet herbicides and soil nitrification

Tena, Marı́a Teresa; Garrido, Rafael Jesús López-Bellido; Magallanes, M.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(84)90005-1

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…The oxidation of ammonia to nitrite is less sensitive than the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate (Ratnayake & Audus, 1978), which can result in the enrichment of nitrite in soil. Excessive concentrations of phenmedipham strongly inhibit soil nitrification (Tena et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields

Heinonen‐Tanski

Simojoki²,

Raininko

et al. 1989

AFSci

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Sugar beet is often cultivated for several years on the same fields, using many pesticides. We have therefore studied the effects of a pesticide programme on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields in Perniö and Laukaa. The pesticides in use were thiram, hymexazol, dimethoate, phenmedipham and metamitron and, in Laukaa only, alloxidim-Na. Pesticides were used either in the normal doses or at 150 % of the normal dose. The normal doses of pesticide application had a favourable effect on sugar beet yields in both experiments. The sugar yield was higher in plots with the normal pesticide doses than in the control plots. The overdoses increased neither the sugar beet yields nor the sugar yields as compared to the normal plots. The soil microorganisms were affected by pesticides in some but not in all cases. The most sensitive were the ureolytic microorganisms and the dehydrogenase activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields

Heinonen‐Tanski

Simojoki²,

Raininko

et al. 1989

AFSci

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Influence of agro‐environmental pollutants on a biocontrol strain of Bacillus velezensis

et al. 2018

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Metal- and pesticide-tolerant biocontrol agents are preferred in integrated pest management, as such strains can be applied in combination with different pesticides. The Bacillus velezensis strain SZMC 6161J proved to be sensitive to copper, nickel, zinc, and cadmium, while manganese elevated its growth. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol L , zinc and iron inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of this strain. In addition, trypsin-like protease and palmitoyl esterase activities were insensitive to all tested heavy metals in the applied concentration range. We studied the effects of some widely used herbicides and fungicides on the growth of this strain. The presence of sulfonylurea herbicides, like bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, triasulfuron, and primisulfuron-methyl strongly inhibited the biomass production of the strain even at the concentration of 6.25 mg L . Glyphosate also inhibited the growth above 30 mg L . Similarly, contact fungicides like captan, maneb, mancozeb, and thiram resulted in total inhibition at the concentration as low as 6.25 mg L . Interestingly, the sterol-biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides imazalil, fenarimol, penconazole, and tebuconazole also proved to be potent inhibitors. Heavy metal- and fungicide-tolerant strains were isolated from the parental strain and their antagonistic abilities were evaluated. There was no substantial difference between the antagonism capability of wild-type strain and the resistant mutants.

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Ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemicals by measurements of nitrification combined with a computer simulation model of the N‐cycle

Mathes

Schulz-Berendt

1988

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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The N‐cycle of an Aldicarb‐contaminated [2.5 g · m−2 (a.i.)] soil cover of a newly graded rubble dump was investigated in order to judge the alterations of microbial nitrogen transformations at the ecosystem level. The pesticide reduced the kinetic parameters of nitrification (maximum activity and division rate) markedly, indicating severe damage to the nitrifying population of the soil during the first 16 weeks after its application. The degree of nitrification varied depending on the incubation conditions. Incubations in the field and under laboratory conditions without substrate addition showed negligible effects, whereas incubation with the addition of (NH4)2SO4 led to an intolerable reduction in nitrification. The consequences of these experimental results on the NO3 ‐N and NH4+‐N content of the soil solution were analyzed by simulating the N‐cycle using different sets of parameters (climatic factors, initial conditions). The results indicate that combining field and laboratory studies of microbial populations with a computer simulation model of the N‐cycle improves ecotoxicological risk assessment.

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Sugar beet herbicides and soil nitrification

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields

Effect of annual use of pesticides on soil microorganisms and sugar beet yields

Influence of agro‐environmental pollutants on a biocontrol strain of Bacillus velezensis

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of chemicals by measurements of nitrification combined with a computer simulation model of the N‐cycle

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