Sugar and polysaccharide fermentation by rumen anaerobic fungi from Australia, Britain and New Zealand

Phillips, Michael W.; Gordon, Geoffrey L. R.

doi:10.1016/0303-2647(88)90036-6

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In fact, some isolates of Neocallimastix, Piromyces and Caecomyces, and three isolates of polycentric anaerobic fungi produce both D( -)-lactate and L( + )-lactate (4,20). All the three fungal isolates in the present study did not produce lactate as a fermentation product.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…So far, only one species, N. patriciarum, was reported to produce trace amounts of ethanol. All the other anaerobic fungi studied produce ethanol as a major end-product of fermentation (2,4,15,20). No butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric, propionic, caproic and lactic acids were detected from all three fungal isolates grown on both media.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Caecomyces sp., Piromyces sp., some unidentified Neocallimastix sp. and three polycentric anaerobic fungi have been reported to produce succinic acid ranging from trace amounts to a much higher level of 6.9 mol per 100 mol glucose (4,20). Ethanol was produced in trace amounts by P. spiralis and P. minutus grown on filter paper medium but was not produced when grown on straw medium (Table 4).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactate [D( -)-lactate] has always been found to be one of the fermentation end-products of the anaerobic fungi (2,4,15,20). In fact, some isolates of Neocallimastix, Piromyces and Caecomyces, and three isolates of polycentric anaerobic fungi produce both D( -)-lactate and L( + )-lactate (4,20).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermentation activities of some new species of anaerobic rumen fungi from Malaysia.

Wong²,

Abdullan

et al. 1996

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The fermentation activities of three new anaerobic rumen fungi, viz, Neocallimastix variabilis, Piromyces spiralis and P. minutus, and a Caecomyces communis isolate grown on straw and filter paper media were studied. N. variabilis, P. spiralis and P. minutus produced carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), FPase (filter paper activity) and xylanases when grown on straw and filter paper media. C. communis produced only xylanases. The maximum production of all the enzymes was at 72 h of fungal incubation. On both media, N. variabilis showed the highest enzyme activities, followed by P. spiralis and P. minutus. Specific enzyme activities of the three fungal isolates in descending order of production were: Xylanase > CMCase > FPase when grown on straw medium; and CMCase > Xylanase > FPase > cellobiase when grown on filter paper medium. The major end-products of fermentation by the three new fungal isolates were acetate and formate. Ethanol and succinate were produced in low amounts and lactate was not detected. The absence of lactate in the end-products of fermentation observed in this study is the first such report.Anaerobic fungi produce a range of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulase and xylanases to degrade plant structural materials. The cellulases produced by the fungi consist of a complex of enzymes capable of solubilising both the amorphous and crystalline cellulose present in plant tissues. Neocallimastix frontalis, N. patriciarum, Piromyces communis and a Piromyces sp. have been found to release large amounts of endo-l,4-glucanase (CMCase) into the culture supernatants (17,23). Exo-1,4 /3-D-glucanase (cellobiohydrolases) which

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fermentation activities of some new species of anaerobic rumen fungi from Malaysia.

Wong²,

Abdullan

et al. 1996

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…strain 478P1 have been described previously [7]. The cultures were maintained at 39°C in a semi defined ruminal-fluid-free medium [8,9]. A detailed description of the modifications to this medium (complete medium 10X) and the method for preparation were reported earlier [7].…”

Section: Organisms and Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of β-glucosidase using immobilised Piromyces sp. KSX1 and Orpinomyces sp. 478P1 in repeat-batch culture

McCabe¹,

Kuek²,

Gordon³

et al. 2003

J IND MICROBIOL BIOTECHNOL

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Two anaerobic fungi, one a monocentric strain (Piromyces sp. KSX1) and the other a polycentric strain (Orpinomyces sp. 478P1), were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and cultured in sequential batches where spent medium (containing 0.25% cellobiose) was repeatedly drained and replaced. β-glucosidase production with KSX1 was maintained for 45 days over six-repeated batch cultures yielding a maximum level of 107 mIU/mL. For 478P1, β-glucosidase production was maintained for 30 days over four repeated batches yielding a maximum level of 34 mIU/mL. Although repeat-batch cultures of KSX1 produced more β-glucosidase than strain 478P1, the maximum specific β-glucosidase produced from these immobilised cultures was similar. The immobilized polycentric strain proved to be operationally superior to strain KSX1, as strain 478P1 did not produce any viable growth in the culture liquor. IntroductionAnaerobic fungi isolated from the digestive tract or faeces of herbivorous mammals, both ruminant and non-ruminant, produce all of the cellulolytic enzyme activities needed for complete cellulose degradation, that is, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases [11].The finding that the cellulose solubilization capabilities of Neocallimastix frontalis and Piromyces communis are better than that of Trichoderma reesei [12,13] provides confidence that the potential for converting cellulose to fermentable sugar may lie in the superior cellulolytic activity of anaerobic fungi.The most studied method of cellulase production by both aerobic and anaerobic fungi has been batch culture. Batch culture can be coupled with the use of immobilized cells. This approach has been little exploited in cellulase production but appears to hold considerable potential for improving it since immobilization enables the microbial cells to be used repeatedly and continuously [3]. The first report on fungal enzyme production by an immobilized biocatalyst was that of Frein et al. [2], who showed that the fungus Trichoderma reesei entrapped in κ-carrageenan gel matrix can produce extracellular cellulolytic enzymes. In another study, glucoamylase production by immobilized, pre-grown mycelia of Aspergillus phoenicus was shown to be sustained over 5 repeated batches in a total time of 19 days [6].In a previous investigation we achieved colonization of alginate beads using either monocentric or polycentric types of anaerobic fungi [7]. We found that the two types had different growth habits in calcium alginate gel, providing further insight into the life cycle and growth patterns particular to monocentric and polycentric fungi. This current study is the first to report on the use of these immobilized anaerobic fungi in repeat-batch fermentations and relates these differences in colonization mode to subsequent enzyme productivity. Materials and methods Organisms and culture mediaThe isolation and description of Piromyces sp. strain KSX1 and Orpinomyces sp. strain 478P1 have been described previously [7]. The cultures were maintained at 39°C in a semi define...

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Community structure and fibrolytic activities of anaerobic rumen fungi in dromedary camels

et al. 2018

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Anaerobic fungi colonize the rumen and degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, which enable them to be key players in the lignocellulose fermentation. Consequently, an expansion of knowledge about rumen fungi could increase animal productivity, utilization of lignified forages like alfalfa hay, and enhance fibrolytic enzymes production. Here, we used an Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) clone library to investigate the anaerobic rumen fungi in camel and to investigate their ability to produce cellulase and xylanase in vitro. Rumen fluid was collected from camels fed Egyptian clover (n = 14), and wheat straw (n = 7) and fecal samples were collected from camels fed wheat straw and concentrates (n = 5), or natural grazing plants (n = 10). Neocallimastix and Cyllamyces were the most abundant anaerobic fungi in all camel groups. An anaerobic rumen fungi media containing alfalfa hay as a carbon source was inoculated by rumen and fecal samples to assess the ability of anaerobic rumen fungi in camel gut to produce cellulase and xylanase. The anaerobic gut fungi in the camel is diverse and has cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, fungal culture from rumen samples of camel fed wheat straw (R2) exhibited highest cellulase production. In addition, many of the sequences in the current study have no equivalent cultured representative, indicating a novel diversity within the camel gut.

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Sugar and polysaccharide fermentation by rumen anaerobic fungi from Australia, Britain and New Zealand

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

Fermentation activities of some new species of anaerobic rumen fungi from Malaysia.

Fermentation activities of some new species of anaerobic rumen fungi from Malaysia.

Production of β-glucosidase using immobilised Piromyces sp. KSX1 and Orpinomyces sp. 478P1 in repeat-batch culture

Community structure and fibrolytic activities of anaerobic rumen fungi in dromedary camels

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