Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths: Sleep Environment and Circumstances

Schnitzer, Patricia G.; Covington, Theresa M.; Dykstra, Heather

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300613

Cited by 60 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Locally, a systematic approach to inquiry can lead to better understanding of how and why a child died-eg, more rigorous approaches to investigation have been linked to the identification of infections, congenital malformations, intentional and unintentional injuries, and metabolic disorders as causes of sudden unexpected deaths in infants. (70)(71)(72)(73) A diagnosis is invaluable to a bereaved parent and might allow them to undergo counselling for future pregnancies. However, at a state and national level, child death review teams need to show an increased ability to move from case review to effective action.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from child death review in the USA, England, Australia, and New Zealand

Fraser¹,

Sidebotham²,

Frederick³

et al. 2014

The Lancet

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Despite pronounced reductions in child mortality in industrialised countries, variations exist within and between countries. Many child deaths are preventable, and much could be done to further reduce mortality. For the family, their community, and professionals caring for them, every child's death is a tragedy. Systematic review of all child deaths is grounded in respect for the rights of children and their families, and aimed towards the prevention of future child deaths. In a Series of three papers, we discuss child death in high-income countries in the context of evolving child death review processes. This paper outlines the background to and development of child death review in the USA, England, Australia, and New Zealand. We consider the purpose, process, and outputs of child death review, and discuss how these factors can contribute to a greater understanding of children's deaths and to knowledge for the prevention of future child deaths. Key messages• Child mortality rates in high-income countries are low compared with the rest of the world. However, international mortality rates vary substantially for different age groups, and modifiable factors can be identified in many deaths • Although high-income countries have reliable death registration processes, concerns exist about the accuracy of cause of death data and the ability of such processes to inform health strategy to prevent future child deaths • Processes for child death review have been developed in several countries to systematically gather comprehensive data for children's deaths, to identify potentially remediable factors, and to make recommendations for system improvement Search strategy and selection criteria We searched Medline for papers published in English from Jan 1, 1990, to Dec 5, 2012, using the following terms: (death* review*.mp or fatalit* review*.mp or perinatal mortalit* review*.mp or serious case* review*.mp or critical incident* review*.mp), limited to all child (0-18 years). We reviewed the titles and abstracts of 122 papers. We then retrieved the full text of 31 papers relevant to internally reported processes for child death review. Alongside this process, we searched LexisNexis with the terms "child mortality review", "child death review", "child welfare case 3 reviews", "infant mortality review", "fetal and infant mortality review", "multidisciplinary child death reviews", and "safeguarding children panels". We retrieved relevant full texts on the basis of abstract review. We excluded state-level government reports from the USA. The combined searches provided an annotated bibliography of 81 papers about processes for child death review (appendix).

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Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning from child death review in the USA, England, Australia, and New Zealand

Fraser¹,

Sidebotham²,

Frederick³

et al. 2014

The Lancet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multiple imputation has been previously used for analyses of the CDR-CRS database. 20,23 Multiple imputation predicts values for incomplete variables by using regression equations from complete variables. This minimizes assumptions that the subset of cases with complete data are representative of the entire sample population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CDR-CRS, funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, is a web-based system used for the collection, reporting, and analysis of individual child deaths by state child death review teams. 19,20 The database includes .84 100 child deaths, including .45 300 infant deaths. 19 As of June 2014, 35 states were contributing to the database, which contains .1700 data elements, with each element linked to definitions and a code book to ensure standardization and consistency in reporting.…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Sofas and Infant Mortality

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Sleeping on a sofa increases the risk of sudden and unexpected infant death.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Infant deaths on sofas are associated with nonsupine placement, being found in side position, surface sharing, changing sleep location, and experiencing prenatal tobacco exposure. These results may help explain why sofa sleeping is hazardous for infants. abstract OBJECTIVE: Sleeping on sofas increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related deaths. We sought to describe factors associated with infant deaths on sofas. METHODS:We analyzed data for infant deaths on sofas from 24 states in 2004 to 2012 in the National Center for the Review and Prevention of Child Deaths Case Reporting System database. Demographic and environmental data for deaths on sofas were compared with data for sleep-related infant deaths in other locations, using bivariate and multivariable, multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS:A total of 1024 deaths on sofas made up 12.9% of sleeprelated infant deaths. They were more likely than deaths in other locations to be classified as accidental suffocation or strangulation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.3) or ill-defined cause of death (aOR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.5). Infants who died on sofas were less likely to be Hispanic (aOR 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9) compared with non-Hispanic white infants or to have objects in the environment (aOR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.7) and more likely to be sharing the surface with another person (aOR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.9-3.0), to be found on the side (aOR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4), to be found in a new sleep location (aOR 6.5; 95% CI, 5.2-8.2), and to have had prenatal smoke exposure (aOR 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6). Data on recent parental alcohol and drug consumption were not available. CONCLUSIONS:The sofa is an extremely hazardous sleep surface for infants. Deaths on sofas are associated with surface sharing, being found on the side, changing sleep location, and experiencing prenatal tobacco exposure, which are all risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome and sleep-related deaths.

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“…Additionally, a study by Schnitzer, Covington & Dykstra (2012) found 70% of SUIDS were associated with infants sleeping on a surface not intended for infant sleep. Of these, 64% of SUIDS infants were sharing the sleep surface with a person or animal and almost half were sharing the sleep surface with an adult.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, 64% of SUIDS infants were sharing the sleep surface with a person or animal and almost half were sharing the sleep surface with an adult. (Covington & Dykstra, 2012).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Nurse Practitioner’s Knowledge and Self-Efficacy on Expanded Back to Sleep Guidelines and Practice of Providing Anticipatory Guidance: A Descriptive Correlational Study

Kacho¹

2015

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Purpose statement: Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the NPs knowledge and self-efficacy related to recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment and whether NPs are providing anticipatory guidance regarding expanded AAP recommendations. Methodology:This descriptive correlational study includes data collected by cross sectional survey and is guided by the transtheoretical model.

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Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths: Sleep Environment and Circumstances

Abstract: We identified modifiable sleep environment risk factors in a large proportion of the SUIDs assessed in this study. Our results make an important contribution to the mounting evidence that sleep environment hazards contribute to SUIDs.

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Learning from child death review in the USA, England, Australia, and New Zealand

Learning from child death review in the USA, England, Australia, and New Zealand

Sofas and Infant Mortality

An Investigation of the Nurse Practitioner’s Knowledge and Self-Efficacy on Expanded Back to Sleep Guidelines and Practice of Providing Anticipatory Guidance: A Descriptive Correlational Study

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