Sudden onset, acute loss of taste and smell in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review

Samaranayake, LP; Fakhruddin, Kausar Sadia; Panduwawala, Chamila

doi:10.1080/00016357.2020.1787505

Cited by 71 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, in our study ageusia was the only symptom statistically associated with patients SARS-CoV-2 positive only in NOP samples (G3; p=0.028). This results corroborate with the role of the neurotropic and neuro-invasive characteristics of coronaviruses in the pathogenesis of ageusia, more than a local infection of the gustatory buds (29).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Performance of At-Home Self-Collected Saliva and Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Surveillance of COVID-19

Braz‐Silva

Mamana²,

Romano³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 quickly spread in the worldwide population by contact with oral and respiratory secretions of infected individuals, imposing social restrictions to control the infection. Massive testing is essential to breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of at-home self-collected samples - saliva and combined nasal-oropharyngeal swabs (NOP) - for SARS-CoV-2 detection in a telemedicine platform for COVID-19 surveillance. We analyzed 201 patients who met the criteria of suspected COVID-19. NOP sampling were combined (nostrils and oropharynx) and saliva collected using a cotton pad device. Detection of SARS-COV-2 was performed by using the Altona RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit 1.0. According to our data, there was an overall significant agreement (k coefficient value of 0.58) between the performances of saliva and NOP. Assuming that positive results in either sample represent true infections, 70 patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 were identified, with 52/70 being positive in NOP and 55/70 in saliva. This corresponds to sensitivities of 74.2% (95% CI; 63.7% to 83.1%) for NOP and 78.6% (95% CI; 67.6% to 86.6%) for saliva. We also found a strong correlation (Beta coefficients < 1) between the cycle threshold values in saliva and NOP. Ageusia was the only symptom associated with patients SARS-CoV-2 positive only in NOP (p=0.028). In conclusion, our data show the feasibility of using at-home self-collected samples (especially saliva), as an adequate alternative for SARS-CoV-2 detection. This new approach of testing can be useful to develop strategies for COVID-19 surveillance and for guiding public health decisions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Performance of At-Home Self-Collected Saliva and Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Surveillance of COVID-19

Braz‐Silva

Mamana²,

Romano³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Samaranayake et al in their meta-analysis including 11,054 COVID-19 patients from eight studies estimated that anosmia and dysgeusia were present in 74.9%, and 81.3% mild-to-severe cases of COVID-19 patients, respectively. 34 The pooled proportions presenting with olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction based on data from 24 studies on 8438 patients were 41·0% and 38·2%, respectively. 35 The overall prevalence of self-reported alteration of the sense of smell or taste was 31% and 67% in severe and mild-to-moderate symptomatic patients, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported and clinically identified loss of smell and taste among persons tested for COVID-19 in Chennai, southern India, July-August 2020: A cross sectional study

Jeyashree¹,

Raju²,

Ponnaiah³

et al. 2021

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background Early detection of symptoms of loss of smell and taste lately added for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential for improving pandemic response. In the Indian context, we compared proportion experiencing new loss of smell or taste among COVID-19 positive and negative individuals in Chennai city, Southern India. Methods We did an analytical cross-sectional study among aged 18–80 years undergoing testing at COVID-19 sample collection centres. We ascertained loss of smell and taste using standardised self-reporting and clinical examination procedures. We administered Sino Nasal Outcome (SNOT 22) questionnaire for comprehensive understanding of these symptoms. We compared proportion having symptoms between COVID-19 positive and negative persons. We compared the two assessment methods to compute diagnostic validity indicators. Results Of the 277 participants, 169 (61%) were men and mean age of 40.7 years [SD = 13.3]. 58 (21%) had COVID-19 and 12 (36%) of them were asymptomatic. Predominantly reported symptoms were fever (30%), headache (18%) and cough (18%). Self-reported or clinically identified new loss of smell or taste was higher among COVID-19 positive (n = 13; 22%) than negative persons (n = 23; 11%) [p = 0.02]. Sensitivity was higher for self-reported or clinically identified loss of smell (17.2%) than that of loss of taste (6.9%). Negative predictive value for loss of smell or taste, self-reported or clinically identified was 81%. Likelihood ratio of positive test was 2.13. Conclusion Loss of smell or taste are predominantly reported by COVID-19 confirmed individuals. Objective and subjective assessments of smell and taste may be required to identify those requiring COVID-19 testing.

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“…Valuable as these may be, there is a necessity to conduct proper clinical studies with standardized methodologies if we are to begin to draw some much-needed conclusions about how this virus behaves. A systematic review conducted on such meager data reveals olfactory and gustatory symptoms to be present in most patients with COVID-19, with a substantial majority of these even preceding general symptoms of the disease (Samaranayake et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

et al. 2020

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Understanding the pathophysiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remains a significant challenge of our times. The gingival crevicular fluid being representative of systemic status and having a proven track record of detecting viruses and biomarkers forms a logical basis for evaluating the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study aimed to assess gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in 33 patients who were deemed to be COVID-19 positive upon nasopharyngeal sampling. An attempt was also made to comparatively evaluate it with saliva in terms of its sensitivity, as a diagnostic fluid for SARS-CoV-2. GCF and saliva samples were collected from 33 COVID-19–confirmed patients. Total RNA was extracted using NucliSENS easyMAG (bioMérieux) and eluted in the elution buffer. Envelope gene ( E gene) of SARS-CoV-2 and human RNase P gene as internal control were detected in GCF samples by using the TRUPCR SARS-CoV-2 RT qPCR kit V-2.0 (I) in an Applied Biosystems 7500 real-time machine. A significant majority of both asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients exhibited the presence of the novel coronavirus in their GCF samples. Considering the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal swab sampling as gold standard, the sensitivity of GCF and saliva, respectively, was 63.64% (confidence interval [CI], 45.1% to 79.60%) and 64.52% (CI, 45.37% to 80.77%). GCF was found to be comparable to saliva in terms of its sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2. Saliva samples tested positive in 3 of the 12 patients whose GCF tested negative, and likewise GCF tested positive for 2 of the 11 patients whose saliva tested negative on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results establish GCF as a possible mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which is the first such report in the literature, and also provide the first quantifiable evidence pointing toward a link between the COVID-19 infection and oral health.

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Sudden onset, acute loss of taste and smell in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Performance of At-Home Self-Collected Saliva and Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Surveillance of COVID-19

Performance of At-Home Self-Collected Saliva and Nasal-Oropharyngeal Swabs in the Surveillance of COVID-19

Self-reported and clinically identified loss of smell and taste among persons tested for COVID-19 in Chennai, southern India, July-August 2020: A cross sectional study

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

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