Sudden death: Neurogenic causes, prediction and prevention

Japundžić‐Žigon, Nina; Šarenac, Olivera; Lozić, Maja; Vasić, Marko; Tasić, Tatjana; Bajić, Dragana; Kanjuh, Vladimir; Murphy, David

doi:10.1177/2047487317736827

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…The assessment for the applicability of AHA's CVH metrics among middle-aged Finnish men, who are at higher risks of death from diseases of the circulatory system, 22 reveals that the metrics may be applicable to European populations and could be used for health promotion purposes to reduce CVD burden and future SCD risk, limiting the possible use of drugs or electrical devices for prevention purposes 23 . Thus, campaigns and policies that are aimed at improving CVH metrics should be encouraged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between ideal cardiovascular health and risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality among middle-aged men in Finland

Isiozor

Kunutsor

Voutilainen

et al. 2020

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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Background Strong associations have been demonstrated between the American Heart Association’s cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and various cardiovascular outcomes, but the association with sudden cardiac death (SCD) is uncertain. We examined the associations between these CVH metrics and the risks of SCD and all-cause mortality among men in Finland. Methods and results We used the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease cohort study, which consists of men between 42 and 60 years of age at baseline. CVH metrics were computed for 2577 men with CVH scores at baseline ranging from 0 to 7, categorized into CVH scores of 0–2 (poor), 3–4 (intermediate) and 5–7 (ideal). Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ideal CVH metrics for SCD and all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up period of 25.8 years, 280 SCDs and 1289 all-cause mortality events were recorded. The risks of SCD and all-cause mortality decreased continuously with increasing number of CVH metrics across the range 2–7 ( p value for non-linearity for all <0.05). In multivariable analyses, men with an ideal CVH score had an 85% reduced risk of SCD compared with men with a poor CVH score (HR 0.15; 95% CI 0.05–0.48; p = 0.001). For all-cause mortality, there was a 67% lower risk among men with an ideal CVH score compared with those with a poor CVH score (HR 0.33; 95% CI 0.23–0.49; p <0.001). Conclusions Ideal CVH metrics were strongly and linearly associated with decreased risks of SCD and all-cause mortality among middle-aged men in Finland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between ideal cardiovascular health and risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality among middle-aged men in Finland

Isiozor

Kunutsor

Voutilainen

et al. 2020

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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“…Our study did not determine how long diving in similar conditions induced PNS activity for. In theory, strong PNS activity may have possible adverse effects that could jeopardize diving safety, for example through an atrioventricular block, arrhythmia, syncope, or even sudden death (Aste and Brignole, 2017;Vaseghi et al, 2017;Japundzic-Zigon et al, 2018;Benito-Gomez et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diving in the Arctic: Cold Water Immersion’s Effects on Heart Rate Variability in Navy Divers

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Diving close to the Arctic circle means diving in cold water regardless of the time of year. The human body reacts to cold through autonomous nervous system (ANS)-mediated thermoregulatory mechanisms. Diving also induces ANS responses as a result of the diving reflex. Materials and Methods: In order to study ANS responses during diving in Arctic water temperatures, we retrospectively analyzed repeated 5-min heart rate variability (HRV) measures and the mean body temperature from dives at regular intervals using naval diving equipment measurement tests in 0 • C water. Three divers performed seven dives without physical activity (81-91 min), and two divers performed four dives with physical activity after 10 min of diving (0-10 min HRV recordings were included in the study). Results: Our study showed a significant increase in parasympathetic activity (PNS) at the beginning of the dives, after which PNS activity decreased significantly (measure 5-10 min). Subsequent measurements (15-20 min and onward) showed a significant increase in PNS activity over time. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the first PNS responses of the human diving reflex decrease quickly. Adverse effects of PNS activity should be considered on long and cold dives. To avoid concurrent sympathetic (SNS) and PNS activity at the beginning of dives, which in turn may increase the risk of arrhythmia in cold water, we suggest a short adaptation phase before physical activity. Moreover, we suggest it is prudent to give special attention to cardiovascular risk factors during pre-dive examinations for cold water divers.

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“…In young subjects, increased systolic BPV might reflect an impaired autonomic control of circulation: reduced sensitivity of arterial baroreflex may contribute to mortality by increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death. 4 Tele-rehabilitation in coronary artery disease patients…”

Section: The American Hypertension Guidelines In Stage 1 Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editor’s presentation: Physical activity intensity in coronary patients: Vigorous is better than light, but light is better than nothing

Piepoli

2020

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Novel cardiovascular risk factors Significant residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) also remains with conventional risk factor control. 1 Thus, alternative strategies to combat this unmet need have been considered as a priority. In the present issue, a number of non-traditional determinants of cardiometabolic health are reviewed, such as poor diet quality, ambient air pollution and noise, sleep deprivation, psychosocial stress and unhealthy body composition. For example, the authors have proposed that shifting the focus from body mass to body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, from nutrient-and calorie-based approaches to food-based, calorie-unrestricted dietary recommendations and addressing exposure to novel lifestyle risk factors through public health interventions might result in more feasible lifestyle guidance. Furthermore, a combined approach may improve long-term adherence and ameliorate prognosis, achieving cumulative benefit. Finally, the proposed lifestyle changes may cause a set of phenotypic adaptations that shift tissue crosstalk from a proinflammatory milieu, conducive for highrisk atherosclerosis, to an anti-atherogenic milieu.

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Sudden death: Neurogenic causes, prediction and prevention

Cited by 26 publications

References 102 publications

Association between ideal cardiovascular health and risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality among middle-aged men in Finland

Association between ideal cardiovascular health and risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality among middle-aged men in Finland

Diving in the Arctic: Cold Water Immersion’s Effects on Heart Rate Variability in Navy Divers

Editor’s presentation: Physical activity intensity in coronary patients: Vigorous is better than light, but light is better than nothing

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