Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Tips for Prevention

Abstract

In Turkey, an increase in the number of people interested in running and particularly, in those participating in marathons is quite striking. The age of participants is increasing as well. Nowadays master athletes are often seen in these competitions. Although the benefits of sports are not open to debate, sports events, such as marathons, pose potential risks to participants. Pre-participation evaluations are important as well as follow-ups by a coach for individuals participating in sports to minimize the damage that this paradox can create. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most feared and dramatic situation during organized sports events. Although it is not very common, describing the inflicted trauma is not quite possible. In this review, medical evaluations on adult and elderly athletes, in particular, will be discussed. Coronary artery disease, particularly in this risk group, is the leading cause of SCD. We would like to suggest a three-step evaluation of athletes in this age group. This approach seems to be relatively easy to implement considering its cost effectiveness, and it also helps identifying as many at-risk athletes as possible. Furthermore, we want to emphasize that the regulation of the emergency field of the race environment is very effective in reducing mortality.

The Impact of Marathons on the Recovery of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Non-Professional Male Marathoners’ (≥45 Years)

“…The previously shown relationship between a person's PA level and heart health led to the conclusion that "if some exercise is good, more must be better" [6], but high levels, as with lower doses of exercise, may both be associated with CV health [6,7]. The prevalence of sudden cardiac death for marathon runners is 1/50-200,000/year [1,4,8]. Unfortunately, a specific dose (extent and duration) of exercise that reduces or leads to CV disease risk and mortality is still unclear [7].…”

“…The age of participants is increasing, and especially men in ages 40-60 prefer longer distances [5]. So, among the marathoners, many are middle-aged persons, usually nonprofessionals, who are playing sports in their free time [8]. Unfortunately, in middle-aged males who have taken part in marathons since the year 2000, the frequency of cardiac arrests and sudden death has increased [9,10].…”

“…Participants that are men without sufficient preparation and over 45 years old belong to a risk group [9,11]. However, those who take marathons seriously must prepare for the activity [8].…”