Sudanese experience in integrated pest management of cotton

Abdelrahman, A.A.; Munir, Badar

doi:10.1017/s1742758400012558

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The best examples of the putative suppressive role of extant natural enemies in the field come from studies demonstrating pest resurgence. Abdelrahman and Munir (1989) showed in commercial-scale, paired studies that applications of broad-spectrum insecticides for control of B. tabaci, Heliothis armigera, Aphis gossypii, and Empoasca lybica in Sudan cotton caused reductions in parasitism and predator populations, and precipitated economic populations of B. tabaci in two of three field sites. Devine et al (1998) demonstrated resurgence of B. tabaci in cotton treated with the pyrethroid cypermethrin in Israel.…”

Section: Survey: Is There Potential For Biological Control?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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Conservation biological control emphasizes the preservation and enhancement of natural enemies and is the cornerstone of all approaches to biological control. This review critically examines recent and current research efforts in conservation biological control by predators and parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci worldwide. A large number of natural enemy species have been identified from many agricultural systems. Further research has demonstrated that these natural enemies may act along with other mortality agents to inflict high levels of mortality on populations of B. tabaci. Less effort has been placed on determining the factors constraining or potentially enhancing biological control. The widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides in many crops has severely hampered the contribution of predators and parasitoids to pest suppression. However, the arsenal of selective insecticides has grown in the past decade and their increased usage may permit the true integration of biological control into IPM systems. The effects of species interactions (e.g., intraguild predation) and host-plant attributes on disruption of biological control are poorly understood in most systems. Research in the area of habitat manipulation and enhancement is minimal. Very little research has addressed the evaluation of natural enemy effects on B. tabaci population dynamics in any system. As a result our ability to predict and exploit these effects for pest suppression are limited. Problems in estimating and interpreting parasitism are highlighted. Recent life table studies of B. tabaci in Arizona cotton are summarized to demonstrate how integration of natural enemies with use of selective insecticides resulted in the development of an efficient pest management system. Avenues for future research are discussed that may enhance the use of conservation biological control as a key tactic in IPM of B. tabaci. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Section: Survey: Is There Potential For Biological Control?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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“…The effect of these natural enemies on populations of B. tabaci is not completely understood; however, studies have documented resurgence of B. tabaci in cotton with use of broadspectrum insecticides (e.g. Abdelrahman & Munir 1989;Devine et al 1998), and several recent studies suggest that generalist predators and aphelinid parasitoids may act as key factors in the population dynamics of this pest in several crops (Naranjo & Ellsworth 2005;Asiimwe et al 2007;Cañ as et al, unpubl. ).…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Intraguild predation onEretmocerussp. nr.emiratus, a parasitoid ofBemisia tabaci, by three generalist predators with implications for estimating the level and impact of parasitism

Naranjo

2007

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Intraguild predation (IGP) is pervasive in many managed and unmanaged ecosystems and may have negative, neutral or positive effects on the biological control of pest insects. Both generalist predators and aphelinid parasitoids attack Bemisia tabac i (Gennadius) Biotype B ( 0B. argentifolii Perring & Bellows) on cotton in the southwestern USA. Free-choice and no-choice laboratory assays were conducted to quantify prey consumption patterns and preference by three representative generalist predators, Geocoris punctipes (Say), Orius insidiosus (Say), and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, offered fourth instar B. tabaci nymphs and nymphs parasitized by Eretmocerus sp. nr. emiratus . All three predators showed a significant preference for larval and pupal stage parasitoids over early fourth instar nymphs, but G. punctipes and O. insidiosus were non-discriminating when offered a choice of larval parasitoids and late fourth instar nymphs. The potential implications of these observed patterns for the field were examined through sensitivity analyses of existing field life table data. First, preference for parasitized hosts alters the methods required for calculating marginal rates of parasitism. Incorporating a preference variable in the estimation procedure had a very small positive effect (0.02 Á1.13% change) on total generational mortalities observed in previous life table studies. However, further hypothetical analyses suggested that under circumstances of lower generational mortality and higher levels of either apparent parasitism or predation, high levels of predator preference for parasitized prey could alter estimates of total mortality as much as 14%. Second, although intraguild predation was demonstrated, the implications for biological control are unclear. Based on field life table data the rate of IGP ranged from 0.019 to 0.126 depending on predator species and prey comparison, but accounting for these levels of IGP had only small negative effects on total generational mortalities (0.193 Á1.278% change).

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“…Life table studies in unsprayed cotton suggest that natural enemies, especially predators, can exert high levels of mortality on immature stages of B. tabaci (Naranjo, 2001;Naranjo and Ellsworth, unpublished). The effect of these natural enemies on populations of B. tabaci is not completely understood; however, several studies have documented resurgence of B. tabaci in cotton with use of broadspectrum insecticides (Abdelrahman and Munir, 1989;Devine et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci

2004

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Field studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to contrast the effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) and conventional insecticides on natural enemy conservation in cotton within the context of alternative management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Compared with an untreated control, insecticide regimes based on the initial use of the IGR buprofezin or pyriproxyfen reduced densities of eight predator taxa out of 20 examined in at least one year, including common species such as Geocoris punctipes (Say), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Chrysoperla carnea s.l., and the empidid fly Drapetis nr. divergens. Patterns of predator and pest population change relative to IGR application dates suggest that factors other than direct toxic effects, such as reduction in prey availability, were likely involved. In comparison, the use of conventional insecticides reduced populations of nearly all the predatory taxa examined in most years, including those affected by IGRs, with the impact being greater and more immediate in all cases. Predator:prey ratios were significantly increased by the use of IGRs compared with both the untreated control and a conventional insecticide regime in most instances. The application of conventional insecticides for suppression of Lygus hesperus Knight, another key pest in the system, in a split-plot design reduced densities of most predator taxa and diminished the selective advantage of the IGRs. Rates of parasitism by aphelinid parasitoids (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and Encarsia spp.) were generally low and did not vary consistently due to B. tabaci or L. hesperus insecticide regimes over the three years. Our 3-year study demonstrates the more selective action of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen in an effective integrated control system for B. tabaci. The use of these IGRs could further facilitate biologically based management in cotton production systems. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Sudanese experience in integrated pest management of cotton

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Conservation and evaluation of natural enemies in IPM systems for Bemisia tabaci

Intraguild predation onEretmocerussp. nr.emiratus, a parasitoid ofBemisia tabaci, by three generalist predators with implications for estimating the level and impact of parasitism

Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci

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