Successive determinations of calcium and magnesium in drinking water by complexometric, potentiometric digital titration to two equivalence points

Christiansen, T. F.; Busch, J.; Krogh, S C

doi:10.1021/ac60371a007

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These so‐called heavy metals are toxic and are known to bioaccumulate, becoming concentrated in fish and other shellfish as well as in plants (e.g., Cd from phosphate fertilizers); thus, ingesting seafoods with high concentrations of cadmium, mercury, or lead should be avoided . For a long time, inorganic cations have been analyzed quantitatively using complexometric titration . Generally, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used as a chelating agent in a titration, where the end point is determined both visually by using an indicator such as eriochrome black T or xylenol orange and by voltammetry, using an electrode .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

Hafer

Holzgrabe

Kraus³

et al. 2020

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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This paper introduces an 1H NMR method to identify individual divalent metal cations Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Sn2+, and Pb2+ in aqueous salt solutions through their unique signal shift and coupling after complexation with the salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Furthermore, quantitative determination applied for the divalent metal cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Hg2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ (limit of quantification: 5–22 μg/ml) can be achieved using an excess of EDTA with aqueous model salt solutions. An internal standard is not required because a known excess of EDTA is added and the remaining free EDTA can be used to recalculate the quantity of chelated metal cations. The utility of the method is demonstrated for the analysis of divalent cations in some food supplements and in pharmaceutical products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

Hafer

Holzgrabe

Kraus³

et al. 2020

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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“…Early applications of chemometrics include the work of Christiansen et al, 248 and Wu and Malmstadt, 249 who integrated microcomputers with titrators for photometric and potentiometric purposes. A particular application was in nylon manufacturing where the titrant could be added at a userdetermined flow rate automatically and equivalence points found out.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on the Impact of Process Systems Engineering on Reaction Engineering

Sivaramakrishnan

Puliyanda

Tefera

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Process systems engineering (PSE), as the name suggests, emphasizes an approach to understanding the behavior of systems as a whole with a view to improving decision-making for optimization and control of processes. The discipline emphasizes the application of mathematical techniques in this effort, and a plausible claim has been made that is at the very core of the discipline of chemical engineering. Being a generalized approach to process systems in general, it finds wide application to many areas in chemical engineering. This work reviews the application of PSE to the area of reaction engineering, which is also at the core of chemical engineering. We highlight the impactful applications of PSE in reaction engineering and discuss aspects of model building and analysis, reactor control, optimization, chemometrics, and chemoinformatics.

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“…The simultaneous determination of different species is an important drawback for many classical titrations; one possibility is to add masking agents in order to shift one equivalent point but this method are limited for few numbers of analytes; normally, its efficiency has been proved only for two analytes (Christiansen 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicomponent Titration of Calcium + Magnesium Mixtures Employing a Potentiometric Electronic‐Tongue

2007

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A fast novel potentiometric titration procedure is proposed, in which the detection system is formed by a potentiometric electronic tongue. The titration consists in a reduced number of fixed titrant additions to the sample and the recording of the potentials of an array of Ion Selective Electrodes. The obtained data matrix is entered to an Artificial Neural Network response model, previously trained to furnish concentrations of a multicomponent mixture. The principle is demonstrated with automated EDTA titration of mixtures of Ca 2þ and Mg 2þ at fixed pH 8.5. In this case, five 2 ml fixed volume additions plus the readings of four sensors were adequate for the resolution of the mixture. In the conditions used, titration was feasible up to 3.3 mM total ion concentration, the precision was estimated as 3.20% RSD for Ca 2þ and 2.76% RSD for Mg 2þ (n ¼ 5), and the detection limits 0.16 mM Ca 2þ and 0.26 mM Mg 2þ . The procedure was applied to mineral waters and compared with reference methods (correlation ¼ 0.92 for Ca 2þ and correlation ¼ 0.89 for Mg 2þ , n ¼ 14).

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Successive determinations of calcium and magnesium in drinking water by complexometric, potentiometric digital titration to two equivalence points

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

Qualitative and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

Qualitative and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

A Perspective on the Impact of Process Systems Engineering on Reaction Engineering

Multicomponent Titration of Calcium + Magnesium Mixtures Employing a Potentiometric Electronic‐Tongue

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Successive determinations of calcium and magnesium in drinking water by complexometric, potentiometric digital titration to two equivalence points

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

Qualitative and quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

Qualitative and quantitative 1H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

A Perspective on the Impact of Process Systems Engineering on Reaction Engineering

Multicomponent Titration of Calcium + Magnesium Mixtures Employing a Potentiometric Electronic‐Tongue

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Product

Resources

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Qualitative and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent

Qualitative and quantitative ¹H NMR spectroscopy for determination of divalent metal cation concentration in model salt solutions, food supplements, and pharmaceutical products by using EDTA as chelating agent