Successional Patterns Associated with Slash-and-Burn Agriculture in the Upper Rio Negro Region of the Amazon Basin

Uhl, Christopher; Clark, Howard; Clark, Kathleen; Maquirino, Pedro

doi:10.2307/2388082

Cited by 144 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Destacaram-se as famílias Fabaceae (subfamília Mimosoideae), com 5 espécies e 96 árvores ha -1 , Fabaceae (subfamília Faboideae) com 4 espécies e 108 árvores ha -1 , Meliaceae com três espécies e 28 árvores ha -1 e Rutaceae com 2 espécies e 60 árvores ha -1 (tabela 3). A importância da rebrota como estratégia de sobrevivência na regeneração pós-fogo é relatada para diferentes ecossistemas florestais tropicais (Uhl et al 1981, 1982, Kruger 1984b, Rouwn 1993, Marod et al 2002e Kennard et al 2002. em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, estudos mostram que esta formação possui considerável número de espécies com capacidade de rebrota (Castelani & Stubblebine 1993, Hayashi et al 2001, Rodrigues et al 2004).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Para a floresta Amazônica podem ser citados Uhl et al (1981Uhl et al ( ), uhl et al (1982, Uhl & Buschbascher (1985), Fearnside (1990), , , Kauffman (1991), Cochrane & Schulze (1999) e ivanauskas et al (2003) que, em linhas gerais, constataram a perda de riqueza e diferentes capacidades de resposta dos ecossistemas, em função da intensidade do fogo e das perturbações anteriores.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Impacto do fogo e dinâmica da regeneração da comunidade vegetal em borda de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Gália, SP, Brasil)

Melo¹,

Durigan²

2010

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Fire impact and dynamics of plant community regeneration at the seasonal semideciduous forest edge (Gália, SP, Brazil)). Forest edges are permanently under pressure by natural factors and disturbances, such as fire, which can cause changes in plant communities. We studied nature and extension of damages and also the resilience of the plant community after fire in the seasonal semideciduous forest, at Estação Ecológica de Caetetus, Galia municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Vegetation survey comprised five transects 50 m long (10 m wide) from the edge to the forest interior in the burnt forest, and the same area in the unburnt continuous forest, used for comparisons. Every transect was divided in five 10 × 10 m plots. Tree species were identified and measured from a minimum height of 1.7 meter. Vegetation cover of every life form was assessed by line interception method in every plot. Data were collected at six, 15 and 24 months after fire and separately analysed for the external strip (0-20 m from the edge) and internal strip (20-50 m). Structural changes were larger at the external strip, where arboreal biomass was totally lost, while 11% remained in the internal strip. The difference in species number was high in the first evaluation after fire -43 species less in the burnt forest, but decreased to only 14 species after 24 months, a demonstration of high resilience in terms of arboreal species richness. Biomass recovery take longer at the external strip (11 years estimated) compared to the internal strip (five years).Keywords -Atlantic Forest, edge effects, fire, resilience, secondary succession RESUMO -(Impacto do fogo e dinâmica da regeneração da comunidade vegetal em borda de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Gália, SP, Brasil)). Bordas de fragmentos florestais são áreas sujeitas a uma série de fatores naturais e distúrbios, entre os quais o fogo, que acarretam modificações na comunidade vegetal. Estudou-se a natureza e dimensão dos danos causados pelo fogo e resiliência da comunidade vegetal após incêndio em borda de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, na Estação Ecológica dos Caetetus, Gália, SP. Efetuou-se a amostragem da vegetação em duas áreas contíguas (queimada e não queimada), em cinco transectos, cada um formado por cinco parcelas de 10 × 10 m. Foram identificados e medidos todos os indivíduos do estrato arbóreo (altura ≥ 1,7 m) e quantificou-se a cobertura de árvores, lianas e gramíneas invasoras. Foram realizadas medições aos seis, 15 e 24 meses após o incêndio e os dados obtidos foram agrupados em duas faixas de distância da borda: 0-20 m e 20-50 m. Alterações estruturais foram maiores na faixa mais externa, com perda total da biomassa e proliferação de lianas e gramíneas, enquanto na faixa mais interna houve perda de 89% da área basal arbórea. A área atingida pelo fogo apresentou 43 espécies a menos que a floresta não queimada na primeira avaliação após o fogo. Após 24 meses, esta diferença reduziu-se a 14 espécies, demonstrando alta resiliência, em termos de riqueza florística. A re...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Impacto do fogo e dinâmica da regeneração da comunidade vegetal em borda de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Gália, SP, Brasil)

Melo¹,

Durigan²

2010

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…Several studies in tropical forests and in the cerrado have shown the importance of sprouting as a mechanism of postfire regeneration of shrub and tree species [28][29][30][31][32]. The new foliage that results from sprouting attracts a variety of herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental Fire in the Cerrado: Its Impact on Communities of Caterpillars on Two Species ofErythroxylum

Lepesqueur

Morais

Diniz

2012

Psyche: A Journal of Entomology

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Among the mechanisms that influence herbivorous insects, fires, a very frequent historical phenomenon in the cerrado, appear to be an important modifying influence on lepidopteran communities. The purpose of this study was to compare the richness, abundance, frequency, and composition of species of caterpillars in two adjacent areas of cerrado sensu stricto, one recently burned and one unburned since 1994, on the experimental farm "FazendaÁgua Limpa" (FAL) (15 • 55 S and 47 • 55 W), DF, Brazil. Caterpillars were surveyed on two plant species, genus Erythroxylum: E. deciduum A. St.-Hil. and E. tortuosum Mart. (Erythroxylaceae). We inspected a total of 4,196 plants in both areas, and 972 caterpillars were found on 13.3% of these plants. The number of plants with caterpillars (frequency) differed significantly between the areas. The results indicate that recent and accidental fires have a positive effect on the abundance of caterpillars up to one year postfire, increase the frequency of caterpillars associated with Erythroxylum species in the cerrado and do not affect the richness of caterpillars on these plants. Moreover, the fires change the species composition of caterpillars by promoting an increase in rare or opportunistic species.

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“…Also, the short reproductive cycles (sometimes even shorter than annual) and prompt seedling emergence facilitate their simultaneous establishment with the growing crop plants or shortly after they have been harvested when fi elds are left to rest. Newlyestablished populations of herbs in agricultural fi elds may trigger a positive feedback loop, as they will start producing large amount of seed shortly after their establishment (Uhl et al, 1982;Cavers and Benoit, 1989). At sites that were burned for a long time some seeds remain as long as they can tolerate high temperatures, and in some cases fi re promotes their germination (Rico-Gray and García-Franco, 1992; Khurana and Singh, 2001).…”

Section: Edaphic and Seasonal Heterogeneity Of Seed Banks In Agricultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed signifi cant correlations could be associated with the effects of the continuous slashand-burn agriculture practiced on these fi elds (Miller, 1999;Kennard et al, 2002;Lemenih and Teketay, 2006). As time goes by, seed bank content may increase by the accumulation of seeds of early successional or weedy species, whose life cycles are fi nely adapted to the growing season for crops (Uhl et al, 1982;Cavers and Benoit, 1989). However, it must be acknowledged that the relationships shown on fi gure 7 also suggest the existence of other unknown factors capable of producing high seed bank densities even in fi elds that were used for a few years.…”

Section: Seed Bank Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Edaphic and seasonal heterogeneity of seed banks in agricultural fields of a tropical dry forest region in southern Mexico

et al. 2012

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Abstract:The slash-and-burn agriculture practiced across tropical dry regions results in the elimination of native vegetation. Upon fi eld abandonment, the seed bank becomes a potentially important mechanism of natural regeneration at early successional stages. Soil properties and climate seasonality may affect seed bank characteristics, thus we analyzed the effects of these two factors on seed bank density and composition in agricultural fi elds of a seasonally dry tropical region of southern Mexico. Soil cores were collected for the rainy and the dry seasons in order to assess changes occurring in the seed bank from the time of harvest to the moment when succession could potentially start (the next rainy season). The 12 studied fi elds comprised three different soil types recognized by local inhabitants: sandy and stony, silty, and clayey soils, locally known as cascajo, black soil, and red soil, respectively. At each fi eld 20 soil cores (8 cm diameter, 4.5 cm depth) were collected and mixed to form four pooled samples, which were placed in a greenhouse to induce germination. A total of 4,422 seedlings (2,291 seeds m -2 ) representing 40 species were recorded. The most abundant species were, in decreasing order, Melanthera nivea, Rhynchelytrum repens, Waltheria indica, Amaranthus scariosus, Digitaria bicornis, and Cenchrus pilosus. Herbs were the prevailing growth form (> 80% of total richness). No clear pattern was observed in the seed bank related to soil type; however, seed bank characteristics tended to be associated with the time of use of the agricultural fi elds, a variable that was not controlled in the study. Seed bank species richness was signifi cantly larger in the dry season, and although seed density showed a similar trend, it was not signifi cant. The studied seed banks contain no elements of the regional primary tropical dry forest, which suggests that seed banks in deforested areas cannot guarantee their maintenance beyond forested areas. Key words: seed bank seasonal variation, seed germination, soil heterogeneity, tropical forest regeneration, weed ecology.Resumen: La agricultura de roza, tumba y quema practicada en regiones tropicales secas provoca la eliminación de la vegetación original. Cuando los campos agrícolas son abandonados, el banco de semillas puede ser un mecanismo importante de regeneración natural en etapas tempranas. Las propiedades del suelo y la estacionalidad climática pueden afectar las características del banco de semillas. En este estudio analizamos los efectos de estos dos factores sobre la densidad y la composición del banco de semillas de suelos agrícolas de una región de bosque tropical estacionalmente seco del sur de México. Se obtuvieron núcleos de suelo de la temporada de lluvias y de la seca para evaluar los cambios en el banco de semillas desde la cosecha hasta el momento en el que la sucesión podría comenzar (la siguiente temporada lluviosa). Los 12 sitios de estudio abarcaron tres tipos diferentes de suelos reconocidos por los habitantes locales: arenosos y ...

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Successional Patterns Associated with Slash-and-Burn Agriculture in the Upper Rio Negro Region of the Amazon Basin

Cited by 144 publications

References 4 publications

Impacto do fogo e dinâmica da regeneração da comunidade vegetal em borda de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Gália, SP, Brasil)

Impacto do fogo e dinâmica da regeneração da comunidade vegetal em borda de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Gália, SP, Brasil)

Accidental Fire in the Cerrado: Its Impact on Communities of Caterpillars on Two Species ofErythroxylum

Edaphic and seasonal heterogeneity of seed banks in agricultural fields of a tropical dry forest region in southern Mexico

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