Successful treatment of near-fatal asthma with ECMO: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Near-fatal asthma (NFA) can lead to severe hypercapnia and sudden cardiac arrest; however, it can be reversed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We report a case of a 37-year-old male diagnosed with NFA. After fluid rehydaration, spasmolysis, and treatment with glucocorticoid and mechanical ventilation, the patient’s condition improved temporarily. However, his condition worsened rapidly, and the patient presented with progressive respiratory distress, a sharp increase in airway pressure, decreased tidal volume, and barotrauma. The patient was treated with venovenous ECMO in the prone position. Five days later, the patient was successfully weaned from ECMO. Hence, ECMO could be used for NFA at the right time to provide adequate gas exchange for patients in order to reduce lung damage and prevent death.