Successful Treatment of <i>Corynebacterium striatum</i> Endocarditis with Daptomycin plus Rifampin

Shah, Monica; Murillo, Jeremias

doi:10.1345/aph.1g242

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…But what is extremely important, all examined strains were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC = 0.5-4.0 mg/l), linezolid (MIC = 0.5-2.0 mg/l) and daptomycin (MIC ≤ 1mg/l) with the exception of two isolates of C. auaticum, whose MIC for daptomycin was 8 mg/l. At the same time effecacy of daptomycin was confirmed in the successfully applied combination with rifampicin in a patient with endocarditis caused by C. amycolatum (Dala et al, 2008) i C. striatum (Shah & Murillo, 2005).…”

Section: Antibiotic Therapy Used In Infections Of Corynebacterium Sppmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Corynebacterium spp. Causing Infections in People

Olender¹

2012

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - A Continuous Challenge in the New Millennium

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Section: Antibiotic Therapy Used In Infections Of Corynebacterium Sppmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Corynebacterium spp. Causing Infections in People

Olender¹

2012

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - A Continuous Challenge in the New Millennium

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“…A case of pacemakerinduced S. aureus mitral valve acute bacterial endocarditis with persistent bacteremia from a coronary stent was cured with prolonged high-dose daptomycin therapy 12 mg/kg for 41 days without occurrence of any toxicity [54] . Successful 6-week treatment of Corynebacterium striatum endocarditis with daptomycin plus rifampicin was reported in a woman with hemodialysis-dependent chronic renal failure [61] .…”

Section: Bacteremia and Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Daptomycin: A Review 4 Years after First Approval

Sauermann

Rothenburger

Graninger³

et al. 2007

Pharmacology

133

124

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Daptomycin is the first approved member of a new class of antibiotics, namely the cyclic lipopeptides. Daptomycin has rapid bactericidal activity against Gram-positive pathogens. It acts by penetrating into the bacterial cell wall with consecutive formation of pores, loss of electrical membrane potential and inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. As the mode of action of daptomycin is ‘concentration-dependent’, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices that correlate best with its activity are the ratios of the peak concentration (C_max) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or the area under the curve (24-hour AUC) to MIC. Daptomycin should be administered intravenously once daily, because adverse effects on skeletal muscle associated with an increase in plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase and myopathy were observed more frequently at shorter dosing intervals. Overall, the rate of adverse events during daptomycin therapy is comparable to that of other standard regimens. Daptomycin was shown to be not inferior to antimicrobial standard therapy and therefore was approved for complicated skin and skin structure infections at a dose of 4 mg/kg, for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis at a dose of 6 mg/kg. Dosage regimens remain a matter of discussion, and an increase in the currently approved doses from 4–6 to 6–8 mg/kg per day for severe infections seems promising. Though not approved up to now, daptomycin appears to be a treatment alternative for Gram-positive bone and joint infections based on clinical observations. Large international studies showed high susceptibility of relevant Gram-positive pathogens to daptomycin, even in multidrug-resistant strains. Thus, treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive cocci resistant to other antimicrobial drugs is a potential indication of daptomycin. Since glycopeptides and daptomycin have the same target site, there appears to be a risk of reduced susceptibility to both drugs after consecutive use. Therefore, daptomycin should be used with caution for treatment of vancomycin-resistant isolates or after prior vancomycin (glycopeptide) therapy. This review describes the history, mechanism of action, susceptibility, recent discoveries and clinical experience regarding daptomycin, discussing its current role in the field of infectious diseases.

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“…were used (7). Susceptibility to daptomycin was defined as MIC values of Յ1 g/ml (8,14). A multidrug-resistant (MDR) C. striatum strain was observed (Table 1) with a resistance to more than 3 classes of drugs and susceptibility only to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 73 recognized species in the genus Corynebacterium, C. striatum is distinguished from other Corynebacterium species by its reduction of nitrates, utilization of glucose and sucrose but not maltose, failure to produce propionic acid, and decomposition of tyrosine (8). Most C. striatum strains are susceptible to a variety of antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin; however, MDR C. striatum strains have been recently described (8,14). Among the most recent drugs, daptomycin showed a marked in vitro activity against C. striatum (14).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacemaker Lead Endocarditis Due to Multidrug-Resistant Corynebacterium striatum Detected with Sonication of the Device

et al. 2010

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Corynebacterium striatum is a commensal of human skin and has been recently recognized as an emerging pathogen. A case of nosocomial pacemaker lead endocarditis due to a multidrug-resistant C. striatum strain is described, highlighting the role of sonication as a diagnostic tool in cardiac device infections. CASE REPORTA 71-year-old woman, who underwent pacemaker replacement 2 months before, was admitted with a 15-day history of fever and generator site pain. She was febrile (core temperature, 38.5°C), her blood pressure was 120/80 mmHg, and her pulse rate was 76 beats/min. Erythema, warmth, tenderness, and purulent drainage were observed at the pocket site. Respiratory, abdominal, and neurological parameters were normal, and an examination of the heart showed a 2/6 systolic murmur. Laboratory analyses revealed a mild leukocytosis (11 ϫ 10 9 leukocytes/liter, 85% polymorphonuclear cells) and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate correspondent to 50 mm/h. A markedly increased C-reactive protein level (8 IU/liter) was observed.Two separate sets of blood and swab cultures obtained from purulent secretion at the pocket site yielded coagulase-negative Staphylococcus which showed resistance to methicillin and rifampin and susceptibility to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin.A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a mobile mass adherent to the intracardiac lead in the absence of valve vegetations. Treatment with daptomycin (6 mg/kg body weight once daily) was started, leading to a rapid improvement, as determined by clinical and laboratory findings. Blood cultures and pocket swabs, performed 72 h after the beginning of antimicrobial therapy, were sterile. Serum bactericidal activity was Ͼ1:16 (4). After 7 days of daptomycin treatment, the patient developed renal failure (clearance of creatinine, Ͻ20 ml/min), and the antimicrobial therapy was switched to intravenous linezolid (600 mg twice daily). Following this therapy, the patient again became febrile (core temperature, 39°C). Blood cultures and pocket site swabs were negative. The patient underwent device removal, and a reimplantation of a new pacemaker was performed 8 days later. On macroscopic examination, the intracardiac portion of the electrode showed the presence of a mass adherent to the lead. Four samples of lead tips were collected: two of them were analyzed by following the traditional microbiological procedures without sonication, whereas the other two samples were submitted to device sonication and then cultured. Briefly, within 1 h from the removal, two lead tips were inoculated in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) which was incubated for 24 h and analyzed for bacterial growth. The other two lead tips were vortexed for 30 s and then sonicated in NaCl solution for 5 min at a frequency Ͼ20 kHz and finally vortexed again for another 30 s. The Ultrasonik 300 bath (Ney, BarkMeyer Division, Yucaipa, CA) was used for sonication. The resulting sonication fluid was centrifuged at 3,200 rpm for 15 min, and the sediment was used for microbiological cultures. A...

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Successful Treatment of Corynebacterium striatum Endocarditis with Daptomycin plus Rifampin

Abstract: Daptomycin, which has shown in vitro activity against C. striatum, may be a viable treatment option for patients with C. striatum endocarditis who are either allergic or refractory to traditional antibiotics.

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Corynebacterium spp. Causing Infections in People

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Corynebacterium spp. Causing Infections in People

Daptomycin: A Review 4 Years after First Approval

Pacemaker Lead Endocarditis Due to Multidrug-Resistant Corynebacterium striatum Detected with Sonication of the Device

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