Successful suppression of a field mosquito population by sustained release of engineered male mosquitoes

Harris, Angela F.; McKemey, Andrew R.; Nimmo, Derric; Curtis, Zoe; Black, Isaac; Morgan, Sian; Neira, Marco; Lacroix, Renaud; Naish, Neil; Morrison, Neil I.; Collado, Amandine; Stevenson, Jessica; Scaife, Sarah; Dafa'alla, Tarig; Fu, Guoliang; Phillips, Caroline E.; Miles, Andrea M.; Raduan, Norzahira; Kelly, Nick; Beech, Camilla; Donnelly, Christl A.; Petrie, William; Alphey, Luke

doi:10.1038/nbt.2350

Cited by 349 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, the primary insecticide family used against adult mosquitoes, is particularly worrying in the context of the re-emergence of dengue and other arboviruses worldwide (Bhatt et al 2013). Although attempts are made to develop new insecticides or alternative mosquito control strategies (Scholte et al 2004;Lacey 2007;Hoffmann et al 2011;Walker et al 2011;Harris et al 2012), their large-scale implementation in tropical regions will require at least a decade. Until this, characterizing molecular mechanisms underlying resistance is crucial for tracking down resistance alleles and improving resistance management strategies .…”

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Identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing

et al. 2015

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The capacity of mosquitoes to resist insecticides threatens the control of diseases such as dengue and malaria. Until alternative control tools are implemented, characterizing resistance mechanisms is crucial for managing resistance in natural populations. Insecticide biodegradation by detoxification enzymes is a common resistance mechanism; however, the genomic changes underlying this mechanism have rarely been identified, precluding individual resistance genotyping. In particular, the role of copy number variations (CNVs) and polymorphisms of detoxification enzymes have never been investigated at the genome level, although they can represent robust markers of metabolic resistance. In this context, we combined target enrichment with high-throughput sequencing for conducting the first comprehensive screening of gene amplifications and polymorphisms associated with insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. More than 760 candidate genes were captured and deep sequenced in several populations of the dengue mosquito Ae. aegypti displaying distinct genetic backgrounds and contrasted resistance levels to the insecticide deltamethrin. CNV analysis identified 41 gene amplifications associated with resistance, most affecting cytochrome P450s overtranscribed in resistant populations. Polymorphism analysis detected more than 30,000 variants and strong selection footprints in specific genomic regions. Combining Bayesian and allele frequency filtering approaches identified 55 nonsynonymous variants strongly associated with resistance. Both CNVs and polymorphisms were conserved within regions but differed across continents, confirming that genomic changes underlying metabolic resistance to insecticides are not universal. By identifying novel DNA markers of insecticide resistance, this study opens the way for tracking down metabolic changes developed by mosquitoes to resist insecticides within and among populations.

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Identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing

et al. 2015

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“…More than 90 million Oxitec mosquitos have been released in these countries and no adverse effects have been reported. [8] Concerns regarding the transfer of the gene due to ingestion of the mosquitos were raised but no significant negative effects were reported from other studies that implemented the GMM or from its larvae. The study participant groups including vector control, government officials, and religious organizations expressed hesitations regarding the residual effects these mosquitos could have on the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on laboratory and release studies in Brazil, Malaysia, and Cayman Islands, up to 5% of Oxitec larvae can survive in optimal conditions with constant temperatures, adequate food supply, and no predators; however, these conditions will be very unlikely in the open environment. [8] A public health program including an education component to sensitize the Grenadian population on the details and specifics of the proposed GMM technology approach will prove instructive towards gaining more informed attitudes and perceptions from the general public. The stakeholder consultation which involved a cross section of different interests in the Grenadian society should then be expanded towards a national conversation which will further inform the collective positions to inform the decision making by the government towards the use of the proposed GMM technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxitec, a British biotechnology company, has recently genetically modified Aedes aegypti mosquitos using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). [8] Pilot studies conducted by Oxitec report over a 90% reduction in the mosquito population which is a much greater level of control than has been achieved with use of insecticides. [1] However, any considered approach to implement the genetically modified mosquito (GMM) technology in Grenada would require for an engaged discussion among all stakeholders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on genetically modified mosquitoes: Case for sterile mosquito release in Grenada

Ghodasara

Deliso

Bidaisee

2017

JER

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This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of various stakeholders in Grenada regarding genetically modified organisms and the release of genetically modified mosquitoes. The study adopted a cross sectional design with a study population that comprised of members from seven stakeholder groups of civil society in Grenada. The sample population was obtained through a snowballing strategy and data collection for the study consisted of a semi-structured interview. Data was managed through the collection and reviewing of data from transcribed interview notes, as well as observations and interpretations made during the field collection. Interview recordings were analyzed to identify emerging themes. These themes were ranked according to the frequency with which they appeared, and main concepts identified by linking related themes. Most groups supported the use of genetically modified mosquitoes against Zika, but there were several varying concerns, including environmental worries and the impact of these organisms on humans. Many questioned the characteristics of Zika itself, and some believed Zika is a man-made virus created in a lab. Others doubted the link of Zika virus to microcephaly and other birth defects, and some were unsure if Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes. There is a wide range of differing knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards genetically modifying technology in general and towards mosquitoes in response to Zika.

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“…Deployment of this technology through the release of self-limiting OX513A mosquitoes has achieved effective population suppression of wild Ae. aegypti in multiple trials in Brazil, the Cayman Islands and Panama (Harris et al, 2012;Carvalho et al, 2015;Gorman et al, 2016), and has been positively reviewed by regulatory bodies in Brazil, the European Union and the United States. …”

Section: Genetic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8

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This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.Photo credits: Cover © Maks Ershov.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. FOREWORD │ 3SAFETY ASSESSMENTOF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMSIN THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLUME 8 © OECD 2018 ForewordModern biotechnologies are applied to plants species (crops, flowers, trees), animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting transgenic organisms when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, the food and feed industry or for other applications represents a challenging issue. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration, and by governments when ready for release, to ensure high safety standards. This remains essential with new biotechnology developments using insects to fight against disease outbreaks: engineered mosquitoes need to be evaluated through a scientifically sound approach to risk/safety assessment that will inform biosafety regulators and support the decision concerning the release of these novel organisms in the environment.The OECD offers a long-standing recognised expertise in biosafety and contributes to facilitating an harmonised approach. The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology (WG-HROB) was established in 1995. The WG-HROB gathers national authorities responsible for the environmental risk/safety assessment of products of modern biotechnology in OECD countries and other economies. International organisations and experts involved in biosafety activities are a...

show abstract

Successful suppression of a field mosquito population by sustained release of engineered male mosquitoes

Cited by 349 publications

References 10 publications

Identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing

Identifying genomic changes associated with insecticide resistance in the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti by deep targeted sequencing

Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on genetically modified mosquitoes: Case for sterile mosquito release in Grenada

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