Successful pilot onshore Abu Dhabi shows that 4D can monitor fluid changes in a giant Middle East carbonate field

Soroka, William L.; Melville, Peter; Kleiss, Erik; Al-Jenaibi, Mahfoud; Al-Jeelani, Abu Baker; Hafez, Hafez H.; Modavi, Abi

doi:10.1190/1.2148212

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The core plugs from the first reservoir are samples 100, 200, and 300. For this field, light hydrocarbon production is stimulated by injecting brine into the reservoir [ Soroka et al , 2005]. Samples from the second reservoir are named B and C; corresponding to the same samples as in the work by Adam et al [2006].…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic wave attenuation in carbonates

et al. 2009

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[1] The effect of pore fluids on seismic wave attenuation in carbonate rocks is important for interpreting remote sensing observations of carbonate reservoirs undergoing enhanced oil recovery. Here we measure the elastic moduli and attenuation in the laboratory for five carbonate samples with 20% to 30% porosity and permeability between 0.03 and 58.1 mdarcy. Contrary to most observations in sandstones, bulk compressibility losses dominate over shear wave losses for dry samples and samples fully saturated with either liquid butane or brine. This observation holds for four out of five samples at seismic (10-1000 Hz) and ultrasonic frequencies (0.8 MHz) and reservoir pressures. Attenuation modeled from the modulus data using Cole-Cole relations agrees in that the bulk losses are greater than the shear losses. On average, attenuation increases by 250% when brine substitutes a light hydrocarbon in these carbonate rocks. For some of our samples, attenuation is frequency-dependent, but in the typical exploration frequency range (10-100 Hz), attenuation is practically constant for the measured samples.

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Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic wave attenuation in carbonates

et al. 2009

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“…Also, in time‐lapse applications, measuring the seasonal variations in the near surface is needed to avoid confusing them with the deeper changes due to oil and gas production (Vesnaver et al . 2003; Bertrand and MacBeth 2005; Soroka et al . 2005).…”

Section: Industrial Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yardsticks for industrial tomography

Vesnaver

2008

Geophysical Prospecting

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A B S T R A C TSeismic tomography has been developed and applied for decades in seismological applications and for basic research purposes. During the last decade, large-scale applications in the oil and gas industry became standard as tomostatics and velocity modelling for pre-stack depth migration. In this paper, I take a snapshot of some current industrial applications, quantifying practical aspects by yardsticks such as data and model size and I try to draw a road map for the current decade.

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“…Production from carbonate and heavy oil reservoirs represents a relatively minor part of the portfolio, so it is encouraging to see that 4-D has been attempted in these situations (Soroka, 2005, and Greaves and Fulp, 1987 respectively). Indeed evolving technologies are allowing application of 4-D to more challenging situations, so a review of historical patterns is probably a conservative guide to what is possible in the future.…”

Section: -D Applicability To Different Reservoirs "4-d Applicabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Land 4-D offers the potential for high repeatability due to the likelihood of excellent repositioning of both sources and receivers (Soroka et al, 2005). Both vibroseis and dynamite sources have been used.…”

Section: Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learnt from over 20 Years of 4-D Deployment

Foster¹

2008

All Days

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This paper reflects back on the major trends, successes and lessons learnt of BP's 4-D deployment over the last 20 years, and offers insights into the main considerations for developing 4-D strategy in emerging areas.Since the early 1990's, BP has been developing and deploying 4-D technologies across a range of different environments and reservoir situations. Up to the end of 2007, over 115 surveys have been acquired*, about 85 operated and 30 non-operated. This experience base represents a significant proportion of industry 4-D history, and when analysed, can offer valuable insights into developing future 4-D strategy and tactics for new fields and basins. 4-D has most commonly been used in oilfields under water-flood due to the ease of monitoring large saturation and pressure changes and the increased complexity of reservoir management, which gives the opportunity for large commercial impact. Monitoring of gas field depletion has added clear value in appropriate situations, but is much less common due to the generally simpler reservoir management issues and smaller infill programs. The dominant acquisition technology deployed has been towed streamer surveys every 2-5 years, but BP has now also installed the world's first three permanent ocean bottom cable (OBC) monitoring systems to deliver high-quality and frequent 3-D and 4-D data.4-D application is continuing to expand globally, and BP itself is currently expanding 4-D application from the historical core areas of the North Sea and Gulf-of-Mexico into regions of new and existing production, such as deepwater Angola, and Alaska respectively. Development of 4-D strategies for new areas and basins requires an assessment of both technical and commercial applicability.

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Successful pilot onshore Abu Dhabi shows that 4D can monitor fluid changes in a giant Middle East carbonate field

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Seismic wave attenuation in carbonates

Seismic wave attenuation in carbonates

Yardsticks for industrial tomography

Lessons Learnt from over 20 Years of 4-D Deployment

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