Successful outcome after a single endoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation in a Shiba dog with non-responsive enteropathy during the treatment with chlorambucil

Abstract

A 7-year 6-month-old, castrated male Shiba dog presented with a 1-month history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and frequent watery diarrhea. Weight loss, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and leukocytosis were detected at the first visit. The dog was diagnosed with non-responsive enteropathy (NRE) based on clinical and histopathological examinations. Since the dog did not respond to the immunosuppressive drugs, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed during the treatment with chlorambucil. A single endoscopic FMT into the cecum and colon drastically recovered clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities and corrected dysbiosis in the dog. No recurrence or adverse events were observed. The present case report suggests that FMT, possibly together with chlorambucil, might be a treatment option for NRE in Shiba dogs that have poorer prognosis compared with other dog breeds.

Pilot evaluation of a single oral fecal microbiota transplantation for canine atopic dermatitis

“…However, there is no established method or route of fecal administration in dogs. Previous studies conducted FMT in dogs via rectal enema 22 , 23 , 26 , 27 , endoscopic introduction into the small or large intestine 25 , 28 , oral administration of fecal solution 24 or frozen feces 25 , and oral capsules of concentrated lyophilized feces 29 . Based on our previous report 24 , in this study, we selected oral administration of fecal solution for dogs with AD.…”

Case Report: Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Dog Suffering From Relapsing Chronic Diarrhea—Clinical Outcome and Follow-Up

“…Additionally, with regard to follow-up, the case described herein is unusual as we followed the case until around 18 months after administration, aiming at evaluating the short- and mid-term adverse effects as well as the short- and mid-term efficacy. Looking at previous literature, only two reports (1 in a dog and 1 in a cat) reached a follow-up time next to 1 year after treatment (in case of multiple treatments, reference is made to the last one performed) ( 8 , 11 ). In our case, the follow-up ended when, due to the positive evolution of the condition, an attempt to reduce/suspend prednisolone was made; unfortunately, afterwards, a return to prednisolone administration was needed, as a clinical relapse was noticed as previously reported.…”

“…Regarding the possible steroid sparing effect of FMT in chronic enteropathies, the third aim of our evaluation, the comparison of our findings with already published articles has been quite difficult due to significantly different study designs; looking at some of them, a possible effect on reducing/discontinuing immunosuppressants, or in non-responsive enteropathies, can however be inferred ( 11 , 15 , 22 , 24 ). In our case, neither during the 21 days of strict control nor during the following 18 months was it possible to reduce/suspend prednisolone, but what is noteworthy is that the milder relapses that the dog experienced after FMT never needed prednisolone dose increases as usually happened previously.…”

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 1‐ Defining populations at risk

“…There were numerous reports that were considered neutral to the PECO question since they described canine PLE populations without mention of thrombotic complications or dogs with thrombosis without mention of PLE. 49,66,113–116,118–120,146,147,191–245 Most reports of dogs with thrombosis identified an underlying disease other than PLE. Most of the articles describing dogs with PLE made no attempt to identify thrombosis formally, to explore the role of therapy with corticosteroids, or to study coagulation parameters.…”