Successful Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using a Corchorus olitorius Extract and Their Antiproliferative Effect in Cancer Cells

Abstract

A facile bottom-up “green” synthetic route of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is described, using a leaf extract of the Malvaceae plant Corchorus olitorius as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The size and shape of the obtained nanoparticles were modulated by varying the amounts of the metal salt and the broth extract in the reaction medium. Only one hour was required for the complete conversion to Au NPs, suggesting that the reaction rate was higher or comparable to those of nanoparticles synthesized by chemical methods. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). While infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the various functional groups in the organic layer that stabilized the particles, TEM images were used to optimize the conditions for NPs growth. A low concentration of the C. olitorius extract yielded mixed triangular and hexagonal shapes; in contrast, quasi-spherical shapes of Au NPs with an average size of 37–50 nm were obtained at a higher extract broth concentration. The Au NPs displayed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) bands at 535 nm. An in vitro cytotoxic assay of the biocompatible Au NPs revealed a strong cytotoxic activity in three human cancer cell lines, namely, colon carcinoma HCT-116, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2, and breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7. In-silico bioactivity, drug-likeness, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) predictions were conducted in order to examine the pharmacokinetic behavior of the compounds present in the C. olitorius extract.

Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from Marsdenia tenacissima and its anticancer activity of liver cancer HepG2 cells

“…These results exhibited significant cytotoxic and anticancer effects supported by the previous report [27]. Previous studies showed that synthesized AuNPs and stated their immense effect to inhibit the cell viability of HepG2 cell lines [26]. In the present study also informed that in agreement with this previous report.…”

“…The FTIR examination of the MT-AuNPs samples has confirmed the presence of various functional groups such as alcohols and alkenes. Previous study also reported that the synthesized and characterization of Corchorus olitorius extract by using gold nanoparticles on HepG2 cell lines [26].…”

Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles from Abies spectabilis extract and its anticancer activity on bladder cancer T24 cells

“…Liu et al [46] reported that identified the AuNPs shows the fight against cancer cells. Similarly, AuNPs synthesized from Corchorus olitorius extract show good in vitro cytotoxic assay of the biocompatible against three human cancer cell lines, such as human laryngeal cancer cell lines (Hep-2), breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), and colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116) [1]. In previous reports synthesized the AuNPs and reported their great potential to inhibit the cell viability of bladder cancer cell lines.…”

“…Currently, nanoparticles play a major role in the medical sector as a major tool in nanomedicine drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used in modern medical and biology studies, as well as drug delivery, photothermal cancer therapy, chemical and biochemical sensing, imaging and catalysis [1,2]. Gold nanoparticles are widely used for medical applications such as diagnostics, therapy, prevention and hygiene [3].…”

Galectin-1 protein modified gold (III)-PEGylated complex-nanoparticles: Proof of concept of alternative probe in colorimetric glucose detection

“…Synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) involves the chemical reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ) by using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) and sodium citrate as the reducing agents, thus lowering particle size up to 2-10 and 10-40 nm, respectively [4] [5]. The "green" approach for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using natural macromolecules has been attracted growing interest over the last few decades [6] [7]. The green natural compounds were reported to favour the synthesis of well-dispersed AuNPs [8].…”