Successful cuing of gender source memory does not improve location source memory

Hicks, Jason L.; Starns, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0586-y

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Given our hypothesis that younger adults are more effective at selectively attending to the appropriate context than older adults, this would be the expected outcome. It is worth noting that the mechanisms underlying hyper-binding and conditional dependence in general are still under investigation, and previous studies suggest that context information may be bound to the item and not to each other (Hicks & Starns, 2016; Starns & Hicks, 2008; Vogt & Broder, 2007). The present results are consistent with the idea that irrelevant contextual features affected the manner in which events were encoded by older adults, although the exact manner remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in neural oscillations supporting context memory retrieval

Strunk

James

Arndt

et al. 2017

Cortex

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Recent evidence suggests that directing attention toward single item-context associations during encoding improves young and older adults’ context memory performance and reduces demands on executive functions during retrieval. In everyday situations, there are many event features competing for our attention, and our ability to successfully recover those details may depend on our ability to ignore others. Failures of selective attention may contribute to older adults’ context memory impairments. In the current electroencephalogram (EEG) study, we assessed the effects of age on processes supporting successful context memory retrieval of selectively attended features as indexed by neural oscillations. During encoding, young and older adults were directed to attend to a picture of an object and its relationship to one of two concurrently presented contextual details: a color or scene. At retrieval, we tested their memory for the object, its attended and unattended context features, and their confidence for both the attended and unattended features. Both groups showed greater memory for attended than unattended contextual features. However, older adults showed evidence of hyper-binding between attended and unattended context features while the young adults did not. EEG results in the theta band suggest that young and older adults recollect similar amounts of information but brain-behavior correlations suggest that this information was supportive of contextual memory performance, particularly for young adults. By contrast, sustained beta desynchronization, indicative of sensory reactivation and episodic reconstruction, was correlated with contextual memory performance for older adults only. We conclude that older adults’ inhibition deficits during encoding reduced the selectivity of their contextual memories, which led to reliance on executive functions like episodic reconstruction to support successful memory retrieval.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in neural oscillations supporting context memory retrieval

Strunk

James

Arndt

et al. 2017

Cortex

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“…The mutual cuing hypothesis (Meiser & Bröder, 2002) argues that successfully retrieving one context feature serves as cue for the other context feature if both have been encoded into the same memory trace. However, experimentally reinstating one context dimension during test (as a means to boost retrieval of this feature) did not lead to better remembering of the other feature in several experiments (Hicks & Starns, 2015, 2016Starns & Hicks, 2005Vogt & Bröder, 2007). Additionally, stochastic dependency between two features has also been shown when both features were tested in separate test phases, speaking against mutual cuing during retrieval (Starns & Hicks, 2005).…”

Section: Explanations Of Stochastic Dependence In Context Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Testing Hypotheses About Binding in Context Memory With a Hierarchical Multinomial Modeling Approach

Arnold

Heck

Bröder

et al. 2019

Experimental Psychology

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Abstract. In experiments on multidimensional source memory, a stochastic dependency of source memory for different facets of an episode has been repeatedly demonstrated. This may suggest an integrated representation leading to mutual cuing in context retrieval. However, experiments involving a manipulated reinstatement of one source feature have often failed to affect retrieval of the other feature, suggesting unbound features or rather item-feature binding. The stochastic dependency found in former studies might be a spurious correlation due to aggregation across participants varying in memory strength. We test this artifact explanation by applying a hierarchical multinomial model. Observing stochastic dependency when accounting for interindividual differences would rule out the artifact explanation. A second goal is to elucidate the nature of feature binding: Contrasting encoding conditions with integrated feature judgments versus separate feature judgments are expected to induce different levels of stochastic dependency despite comparable overall source memory if integrated representations include feature-feature binding. The experiment replicated the finding of stochastic dependency and, thus, ruled out an artifact interpretation. However, we did not find different levels of stochastic dependency between conditions. Therefore, the current findings do not reveal decisive evidence to distinguish between the feature-feature binding and the item-context binding account.

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“…However, the mutual cuing hypothesis does not necessarily predict that item and features are bound into a unitary representation. There is an ongoing debate regarding the two accounts, with some results supporting mutual cuing ( Boywitt & Meiser, 2012a , 2012b ; Meiser & Bröder, 2002 ; see also Balaban et al, 2019 ) and others supporting binding variability ( Hicks & Starns, 2016 ; Starns & Hicks, 2005 , 2008 ; Vogt & Bröder, 2007 ). There is some evidence against an integrated binding structure in item-based representations as investigated in the source memory literature ( Brady et al, 2013 ; Utochkin & Brady, 2020 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

The binding structure of event elements in episodic memory and the role of animacy

Schreiner

Meiser

Bröder

2022

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Experienced events consist of several elements which need to be bound together in memory to represent the event in a coherent manner. Given such bindings, the retrieval of one event element should be related to the successful retrieval of another element of the same event, thus leading to a stochastic dependency of the retrieval of event elements. The way in which bindings are structured is not yet clearly established and only few moderators of the binding of event elements have been identified. We present results from three experiments aiming to distinguish between an integrated binding structure, in which event elements are bound into a unitary representation, and a hierarchical binding structure, in which event elements are preferentially bound to specific types of elements. Experiments 2 and 3 were additionally designed to identify animacy, an entity's property of being alive, as a potential moderator of the binding of event elements. We also offer a new approach for modelling dependencies of the retrieval of event elements which mitigates some limitations of previous approaches. Consistent with previous literature we found dependencies of the retrieval of event elements if all of an events' constituent associations were shown. We found mixed evidence for integrated or hierarchical binding structures but found dependency of the retrieval of event elements to be sensitive to the presence of animacy in an event. The results suggest that binding structures may vary depending on moderators such as animacy or event structure awareness. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

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Successful cuing of gender source memory does not improve location source memory

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Age-related changes in neural oscillations supporting context memory retrieval

Age-related changes in neural oscillations supporting context memory retrieval

Testing Hypotheses About Binding in Context Memory With a Hierarchical Multinomial Modeling Approach

The binding structure of event elements in episodic memory and the role of animacy

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