“…Excellent results have been described for the surgical treatment of chronic AF associated with organic heart disease at the expense, however, of considerable prolongation of time required for cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass. 4,16 In an attempt to reduce procedure time and to simplify the surgical procedure, modifications of the original maze procedure 8 have been developed, including the use of cryoablation and changes in atriotomies 17 and application of RF energy alone 18 or with cryoablation. 19 Treatment of AF by application of contiguous RF-induced lesions in the atria are based on the concept of preventing functional re-entrant circuits 18,20 or to eliminate anatomically determined circuits.…”