Successful bacteriophage treatment of infection involving cardiac implantable electronic device and aortic graft: a Trojan horse concept

Antibacterial Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Bacteriophage Formulations, Staphylococcal Bacteriophage and PYO Bacteriophage, Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Prevention and Eradication of Biofilm Formation and Control of a Systemic Infection of Galleria mellonella Larvae

“…However, with the launching of conventional antibiotics, the application of phage therapy in Western countries promptly decreased (Kortright et al, 2019). The rapid increase of multi-drugresistant bacterial strains recently has been renewed interest in phage therapy and even though regulatory authorities in Europe and U.S. have not approved it yet, several examples of successfully applications of personalized phage therapy have been reported (Jennes et al, 2017;Chan et al, 2018;Exarchos et al, 2019;Nir-Paz et al, 2019;Tkhilaishvili et al, 2019) as compassionate use under the umbrella of Article 37 of the Helsinki Declaration.…”

The Safety and Efficacy of Phage Therapy for Infections in Cardiac and Peripheral Vascular Surgery: A Systematic Review

“…Title and abstract screening led to the exclusion of 3550 records that did not meet the inclusion criteria (Figure 1). Of the remaining 50 articles eligible for full-text screening, 36 were excluded because they were secondary literature (n = 17), contained data reported elsewhere (n = 10; this included papers which nonetheless provided additional information regarding included cases [29][30][31][32]), did not contain relevant data (n = 5), were not available in full (n = 3), or were a duplicate record (n = 1).…”

Current therapies and challenges for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm‐related infections

“…155 Recent clinical experience, in the form of case reports and case series, is presented in Table 3. 85,[156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164] As shown, phages have primarily been used in conjunction with conventional antibiotics, generally following worsening or non-resolving infection with antibiotics alone. 165 There has been a great deal of variation in the number of phages used (monotherapy vs. phage cocktails), dose and duration of therapy, and route of administration (intravenous, direct application, and oral).…”

“…Phage therapy has been used for a wide range of S. aureus biofilm‐mediated infections, not amendable to source control, including PJI, spinal hardware infections, craniectomy‐associated infections, and cardiac device‐related infections 155 . Recent clinical experience, in the form of case reports and case series, is presented in Table 3 85,156–164 . As shown, phages have primarily been used in conjunction with conventional antibiotics, generally following worsening or non‐resolving infection with antibiotics alone 165 .…”