Successful Aging in Canada: Prevalence and Predictors from a Population-Based Sample of Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Little research has been conducted to thoroughly explore the prevalence and predicators of successful aging (SA) from a national point of view. Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate the prevalence of SA as defined by Rowe and Kahn using a large population-based dataset and (2) to determine the roles of sociodemographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors in SA among Canadian seniors. Methods: Data was from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA) (n = 25,864) conducted in 2008-2009. Rowe and Kahn's concept was used to measure SA. Descriptive analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of SA in those aged 45+ living in private dwellings in the ten provinces of Canada. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess predicators of SA among those aged 65+ and having complete data on cognition. Results: The prevalence of SA was 50.1% among those aged 50+, then decreased to 46.2% for those aged 55+, 42.0% for those aged 60+, and 37.2% among those aged 65+. Assuming those 65+ living in institutions as unsuccessful agers, then the prevalence of SA was 35.3% among Canadian seniors aged 65+. There were no differences in prevalence rate of SA between males and females. We did not find higher income associated with SA. Being younger, married, regular drinkers, exercisers, perceived better health, satisfied with life, and taking calcium in the past month were associated with SA. The predicted probability of being a successful ager was 41% for those aged 65-74 years, 33% for 75-84 years, and 22% for those 85+ years, while controlling for other covariates. Presence of disease led to a major decline in SA, levels of functioning and engagement in contrast remained relatively constant. Conclusion: Over one third of the seniors in Canada met the criteria for SA, largely because the operationalization of the definition only considered severe chronic diseases that may not be well managed and thus likely to result in functional impairment. The modifiable risk factors identified provide direction for prevention efforts to increase SA at a population level.

Prevalence of and factors associated with successful aging in Brazilian older adults: Frailty in Brazilian older people Study (FIBRA RJ)

“…The literature is quite inconsistent regarding this evidence. While some studies have shown benefits of moderate alcohol consumption compared with abstaining for healthy aging, others have shown no association or contradictory results …”

Physical activity, quality of life and successful ageing among community‐dwelling older adults

“…This finding was similar to those of prior studies investigating the association between marital status and SA in western countries, such as Canada and USA. (Meng & D'Arcy ; Pruchno et al. ).…”

“…We also found that those who perceived their health as ‘good’ tended to have significantly higher SA scores. Although, to older adults, having objectively good health is important, their subjective health status serves as an important indicator of their overall health (Meng & D'Arcy ; Vaillant & Wolff ). This finding is similar to that of previous studies, in that better subjective health has been reported to be an important factor influencing older adults’ QoL (Kato et al.…”

Percepcija uspješnog starenja u starijih osoba

“…Dok su hrvatska istraživanja uspješnog starenja zasada vrlo rijetka, u brojnim su istraživanjima na stranim uzorcima ispitani mnogi potencijalni prediktori, determinante i korelati uspješnog starenja. Među njima, vjerojatno je najbolje potvrđena povezanost uspješnog starenja s dobrim zdravstvenim i funkcionalnim statusom (Depp i Jeste, 2006;Li i sur., 2014;Meng i D'Arcy, 2014;Ng i sur., 2009;Strawbridge i sur., 1996;Vahia i sur., 2012). Sve je više i empirijskih dokaza koji govore u prilog povezanosti uspješnog starenja s različitim psihosocijalnim i varijablama dobrobiti, kao što su zadovoljstvo životom (Meng i D'Arcy, 2014), optimizam (Cosco i sur., 2015;Vahia i sur., 2012), doživljaj smisla života (Windsor i sur., 2015), socijalni odnosi i socijalna podrška (Cosco i sur., 2015;Jeste i sur., 2010;Li i sur., 2014;Ng i sur., 2009;Parslow i sur., 2011;Pruchno i sur., 2010;Strawbridge i sur., 1996) i druge.…”