Success Journey of Coherent PM-QPSK Technique with Its Variants: A Survey

Sharma, Divya; Prajapati, Yogendra Kumar; Tripathi, Rajeev

doi:10.1080/02564602.2018.1557569

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…On the other hand, as PSCF is introduced in the system, on increasing channel spacing from 40 to 50 GHz in In Figure 4a, at BER = 4 × 10 −3 , maximum transmission reach L max is plotted for the proposed 5 × 222 Gb/s PM-16QAM superchannel and 7 × 166.5 Gb/s PM-8QAM superchannel against SE as well as transmission capacity for varying frequency spacing (Δf ) in the range 29-50 GHz in the presence of PSCF and SSMF fiber types. 4 In order to attain high capacity, a more complex constellation size is required, 12 say, PM-16QAM exhibits a large capacity than PM-8AM at the cost of limited reach. Also, channel spacing is shortened from 50 to 29 GHz due to attaining more number of channels in the same bandwidth, not only increasing SE of the PM-16QAM superchannel from 4 to 6.9 bit/s/Hz and for PM-8QAM superchannel from 3 to 5.2 bit/s/Hz irrespective of the fiber type but also increasing channel capacity.…”

Section: Results and Discussion: Terabit Nyquist-wdm Superchannelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Hence, it is preferred to aggregate terabit capacity per channel by co-transmitting multiple subcarriers. [12][13][14] In 2009, superchannel works were reported with terabit capacity, where subcarriers were modulated through orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and covered a distance of 600 and 400 km, respectively. 15,16 Nyquist-WDM 17,18 and coherent optical OFDM 15 are the two methodologies to attain high SE in superchannel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmitting terabit data over a single channel using higher‐order modulation formats, say, PM‐1024QAM, is more prone to various Kerr nonlinearities, which results in severe phase noise necessity, problems associated with hardware bandwidth, ultrashort reach, and fast digital‐to‐analog converters (DACs) 8 . Hence, it is preferred to aggregate terabit capacity per channel by co‐transmitting multiple subcarriers 12–14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent and mixed transmission of 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM and 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM Nyquist‐wavelength division multiplexed superchannel for long‐haul metro network

Sachan

Sharma

Prajapati

et al. 2021

Int J Communication

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Summary This paper investigates the Nyquist‐wavelength division multiplexed (Nyquist‐WDM) terabit superchannel by employing independent and mixed line rate (MLR) transmission of different polarization‐multiplexed quadrature amplitude modulation (PM‐QAM) subcarriers. Here, terabit superchannel transmission including forward error correction overhead is successfully achieved by employing either 7 × 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM or 5 × 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM or both 2 × 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM and 3 × 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM simultaneous transmission. Considering linear filtering penalties and nonlinear propagation effects, the proposed superchannel is transmitted over standard single‐mode fiber (SSMF) and pure silica core fiber (PSCF) along with erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) at 19.8‐ and 15.12‐dB span loss for SSMF and PSCF, respectively. The performance of both terabit superchannels is analyzed in terms of maximum reach, good spectral efficiency, highest transmission capacity, and optimum launch power with variation in channel spacing from 50‐GHz fixed ITU‐T grid to 29 GHz, at an acceptable bit error rate (BER). To achieve BER 4 × 10−3, MLR‐based 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM and 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM suffer a penalty of 5.5‐ and 9.2‐dB OSNR over Nyquist‐only 7 × 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM and 5 × 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM transmission at the advent of a flexible multi‐flow transponder. It is observed that at 33.33‐GHz Nyquist spacing over PSCF, 5 × 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM and 7 × 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM superchannels deliver a reach up to 1800 and 2970 km, while MLR approach results in extreme reach of 2250 and 3600 km over PSCF as per MLR PM‐16QAM and PM‐8QAM subcarriers, respectively. Hence, an appreciable spectral efficiency–distance product (SEDP) is achieved due to PSCF at Nyquist spacing of 33.33 GHz with 5.25 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. A good link power budget is also calculated for the proposed MLR‐based Nyquist‐WDM superchannel. MLR‐based PM‐16QAM and PM‐8QAM subcarriers deliver excellent SEDP of 11,812 and 18,900 bit/s/Hz·km, respectively, which is, to the best of author's knowledge, better on comparing with the other existing literature for single‐core channel explorations.

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Section: Results and Discussion: Terabit Nyquist-wdm Superchannelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent and mixed transmission of 166.5 Gb/s PM‐8QAM and 222 Gb/s PM‐16QAM Nyquist‐wavelength division multiplexed superchannel for long‐haul metro network

Sachan

Sharma

Prajapati

et al. 2021

Int J Communication

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“…Te selection of the aforementioned technique difers from application to application [30]. In the last couple of decades, computational devices generate a lot of data, thus the compression of the data is required before the transmission process [23,31]. markers state marker of coefcient (SMC) and state marker of zerotree (SMZ).…”

Section: Curvelet Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curvelet Transform Based Compression Algorithm for Low Resource Hyperspectral Image Sensors

Bajpai

Sharma²,

Alam

et al. 2023

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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The wavelet transform is widely used in the task of hyperspectral image compression (HSIC). They have achieved outstanding performance in the compression of a hyperspectral (HS) image, which has attracted great interest. However, transform based hyperspectral image compression algorithm (HSICA) has low-coding gain than the other state of art HSIC algorithms. To solve this problem, this manuscript proposes a curvelet transform based HSIC algorithm. The curvelet transform is a multiscale mathematical transform that represents the curve and edges of the HS image more efficiently than the wavelet transform. The experiment results show that the proposed compression algorithm has high-coding gain, low-coding complexity, at par coding memory requirement, and works for both (lossy and lossless) compression. Thus, it is a suitable contender for the compression process in the HS image sensors.

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