“…Beugelsdijk & Mudambi, 2013;McCann & Mudambi, 2005;see Nielsen Asmussen, & Weatherall, 2017, for a recent review). It should be noted that the IB field has also examined the role of supranational regional characteristics in determining FDI location choices, building on the seminal contribution by Rugman andVerbeke (2004) (see, e.g., Arregle et al, 2013;Gilbert & Heinecke, 2014;Mataloni, 2011). Despite its relevance, for the purpose of this paper we focus here on the fundamental distinction between studies that use between-country variation (and that use country-level data to study location choice among a set of host countries) and those that use within-country variation (which take subnational regional-level data to examine choice among different locations within a given country, most recently including global cities) as this has been the primary distinction in this body of research (cf.…”