Subtyping social anxiety in youth

Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST) is a major neuropsychological theory of motivation, emotion and personality. We report the results of a study that examined the unique relationships of the r-RST constructs with two forms of anxiety: social interaction social performance. Five hundred and seventy-twoA adults completed the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) alongside measures of social interaction anxiety and social performance anxiety. Regression results revealed both social interaction anxiety and social performance anxiety were linked uniquely and positively with the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scale score, as predicted. In addition, social observation anxiety Rapson: is this a 3 rd form of anxiety that we have not mention above, where we say we looked at social interaction and performanceperhaps we clarify this as this findings seems to come out of the blue. was associated uniquely ad positively with the fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) scale score. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for social anxiety are discussed.

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“…These different types are assumed to be categorically Rapson: meaningcould we say how? distinct (Kodal et al, 2017).…”

Section: Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder Rapsonwhere Does ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Unique Associations of Revised-Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs with Social Anxiety

Gomez

Stavropoulos

Watson

et al. 2021

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…On the other hand, subgrouping can also be based on the type of social anxiety. The presence of observational vs. interactional anxiety could be a putative qualitative demarcation of SAD subtypes [34]. Using factor analysis in a clinical SAD sample, Perugi and colleagues found support for the existence of five types of social anxiety: interpersonal anxiety, formal speaking anxiety, stranger-authority anxiety, eating and drinking while being observed, and anxiety of doing something while observed [35].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Higher- and lower-order personality traits and cluster subtypes in social anxiety disorder

et al. 2020

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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can come in different forms, presenting problems for diagnostic classification. Here, we examined personality traits in a large sample of patients (N = 265) diagnosed with SAD in comparison to healthy controls (N = 164) by use of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In addition, we identified subtypes of SAD based on cluster analysis of the NEO-PI-R Big Five personality dimensions. Significant group differences in personality traits between patients and controls were noted on all Big Five dimensions except agreeableness. Group differences were further noted on most lower-order facets of NEO-PI-R, and nearly all KSP variables. A logistic regression analysis showed, however, that only neuroticism and extraversion remained significant independent predictors of patient/control group when controlling for the effects of the other Big Five dimensions. Also, only neuroticism and extraversion yielded large effect sizes when SAD patients were compared to Swedish normative data for the NEO-PI-R. A two-step cluster analysis resulted in three separate clusters labelled Prototypical (33%), Introvert-Conscientious (29%), and Instable-Open (38%) SAD. Individuals in the Prototypical cluster deviated most on the Big Five dimensions and they were at the most severe end in profile analyses of social anxiety, self-rated fear during public speaking, trait anxiety, and anxiety-related KSP variables.

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“…The literature describes two subgroups of adult SAD: those with both interaction and performance anxiety (generalized SAD) and those with only performance anxiety [3], with PSA as the most common symptom in both adolescents [8] and adults [9]. Congruently, the novel DSM-5 [4] revised its specifier of SAD to include a “performance only” subgroup, distinct in terms of etiology, age at onset, physiological response, and treatment response [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with fear of public speaking: a non-randomized feasibility and pilot study

Kahlon

Lindner

Nordgreen

2019

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundPublic Speaking Anxiety (PSA) is a common anxiety with onset in adolescence and early adulthood. With the advent of consumer virtual reality (VR) technology, VR-delivered exposure therapy is now a scalable and practical treatment option and has previously been shown to be efficacious with adults. In this non-randomized feasibility and pilot trial, we explore the effect of one-session (90 min) VR-delivered exposure therapy for adolescents (aged 13–16) with PSA.MethodsA total of 27 adolescents were recruited from Norwegian high schools and completed self-report measures of PSA twice prior to treatment, 1 week after treatment, and at 1 and 3 month follow-up. Heart rate was recorded during the treatment session. A low-cost head-mounted VR display with a custom-built VR stimuli material depicting a cultural and age appropriate classroom and audience were used when a series of speech (exposure exercises) were performed.ResultsLinear mixed effects model revealed a significant decrease in PSA symptoms (Cohen’s d = 1.53) pre-post treatment, and improvements were maintained at follow-ups. Physiological data revealed a small increase in heart rate during exposure tasks. Based on feedback from the adolescents, the feasibility of the intervention was increased during the trial.ConclusionsThe results show that low-cost, consumer VR hardware can be used to deliver efficacious treatment for PSA in adolescents, in a feasible one-session format.

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Subtyping social anxiety in youth

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Unique Associations of Revised-Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs with Social Anxiety

Unique Associations of Revised-Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs with Social Anxiety

Higher- and lower-order personality traits and cluster subtypes in social anxiety disorder

Virtual reality exposure therapy for adolescents with fear of public speaking: a non-randomized feasibility and pilot study

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