RhBG is a nonerythroid member of the Rhesus (Rh) protein family, mainly expressed in the kidney and belonging to the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily of ammonium transporters. The epithelial expression of renal RhBG is restricted to the basolateral membrane of the connecting tubule and collecting duct cells. We report here that sorting and anchoring of RhBG to the basolateral plasma membrane require a cis-tyrosine-based signal and an association with ankyrin-G, respectively. The Rhesus (Rh) 1 family is composed of four protein homologues, Rh, RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG, all of which are predicted to be polytopic transmembrane proteins with 12 membrane spanning domains and intracytoplasmic N and C termini (1). Rh and RhAG are expressed on red cells only, where they define the core of the Rh membrane complex, which also includes the unrelated accessory chains CD47, LW/ICAM-4, and GPB (2, 3). Conversely, RhBG and RhCG are not expressed in erythroid tissues but are both expressed in kidney and differentially in other organs as follows: testis, brain, pancreas, and prostate for RhCG and liver, skin, and ovary for RhBG (4, 5). Primary structure homology (30 -35%) with the methylammonium-ammonium permease/ammonia transporters (Mep/Amt) from the lower organisms and plants has raised the possibility that Rh, RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG should represent the mammalian members of an Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily of ammonium transporters (1, 6, 7). Accordingly, ammonium (NH 4 ϩ and/or NH 3 ) transport capacity of RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG has been demonstrated in different heterologous expression systems (8 -11). Moreover, recent ammonium transport analysis performed in red blood cells from human and mouse genetic variants with Rh and/or RhAG deficiencies indicated that RhAG facilitates NH 3 movement across the red blood cell membrane and thus represents a potential example of gas transporter in mammalian cells (12). Supporting this finding, three-dimensional structure elucidation and transport experiments in an acellular model demonstrated that bacterial AmtB is a channel that conducts uncharged NH 3 (13).Rh proteins also represent, at least in red blood cells, important structural components of the cell membrane, as first evidenced by the morphological abnormalities (stomato-spherocytosis) of Rh null red cells that lack Rh and/or RhAG (2). It has been demonstrated recently that the Rh complex constitutes, as the previously described AE1-protein 4.2-ankyrin and GPCprotein 4.1-p55 complexes (14, 15), a major anchoring site between the red cell membrane bilayer and the underlying spectrin-based skeleton, and that the disruption of this interaction results in part in the morphological abnormalities of Rh null red cells (16 -18). The Rh complex interacts with the erythrocyte skeleton through direct binding of the cytoplasmic C-terminal tails of Rh and RhAG with the second repeat subdomain (D2) of the membrane binding domain of ankyrin-R (18). Based on these results and on the observation that expression of Rh proteins and AE1 (type 1 anion exchanger) is collecti...