Subtypes of depression in a nationally representative sample

Gender differences in symptomatic profiles of depression: Results from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey

“…Existing evidence of the heterogeneous pattern of depressive symptomatology in community samples has been reported through latent class analysis (LCA) in the past decades (Carragher et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2000;Eaton et al, 1989;Kendler et al, 1996;Lamers et al, 2010;Mezuk and Kendler, 2012;Moreno and Andrade, 2010;Sullivan et al, 1998Sullivan et al, , 2002. Some studies used the aggregated DSM symptoms (Carragher et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2000;Eaton et al, 1989), while most of them disaggregated the symptoms of ''reversed functional shift'' (Paykel et al, 1983) -appetite increase, weight gain, hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation -in an attempt to replicate the depressive atypical subtype (Kendler et al, 1996;Lamers et al, 2010;Mezuk and Kendler, 2012;Moreno and Andrade, 2010;Pollitt, 1965;Sullivan et al, 1998Sullivan et al, , 2002, which has been described as being two to three times more prevalent among women than men (Angst et al, 2002;Matza et al, 2003).…”

“…Some studies used the aggregated DSM symptoms (Carragher et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2000;Eaton et al, 1989), while most of them disaggregated the symptoms of ''reversed functional shift'' (Paykel et al, 1983) -appetite increase, weight gain, hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation -in an attempt to replicate the depressive atypical subtype (Kendler et al, 1996;Lamers et al, 2010;Mezuk and Kendler, 2012;Moreno and Andrade, 2010;Pollitt, 1965;Sullivan et al, 1998Sullivan et al, , 2002, which has been described as being two to three times more prevalent among women than men (Angst et al, 2002;Matza et al, 2003).…”

Immigrant Preadolescents and Risk of Emotional Distress

“…An example is the "nerve attack" (ataque de nervios in Spanish), which is found in Spanish and Hispanic communities but not in other populations (2). Although studies investigating group variations in the factor structure of mental health screening instruments are increasing (3), only a few studies have investigated whether certain ethnic groups are more likely to suffer from specific configurations of emotional symptoms, including related disorders such as depression, anxiety, and somatization (4)(5)(6). It is important to address this research gap, because identifying which symptoms characterize depressive distress in different cultural groups may potentially aid diagnosis.…”

“…For instance, Carragher and colleagues (4) found four subgroups based on reported depression in a nationally representative adult population in the United States: severely depressed, psychosomatic, cognitiveemotional, and non-depressed. Hispanics were significantly less likely to report psychosomatic symptoms as compared with their white counterparts, and Native Americans had a decreased risk of reporting depressive symptomatology.…”

Auf dem Weg zu biologisch definierten Subtypen

“…Legt man die Kriterien der American Psychiatric Association für eine Major-Depression zugrunde, so lassen sich allein 227 verschiedene Symptomkonstellationen der A-Kriterien (laut DSM-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV) zählen, welche die Diagnose rechtfertigen [2]. Die Behandlungsstrategien und auch die Zulassungspraxis versuchen aber, diese Vielfalt an Symptomen mit dem Konzept des "one ts all" anzugehen, das heißt, jede antidepressive Substanz, die auf dem Markt ist oder zugelassen werden soll, müsste bei allen diesen Konstellationen wirksam sein.…”