Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Orrantia‐Borunda, Erasmo; Anchondo-Nuñez, Patricia; Acuña-Aguilar, Lucero Evelia; Gómez-Valles, Francisco Octavio; Ramírez-Valdespino, Claudia Adriana

doi:10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-subtypes

Cited by 109 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The PR is expressed in more than 50% of ER-positive tumors and rarely in ER-negative BCs. The proliferation marker Ki-67 is low in luminal A, variable in luminal B, and high in HER2+-enriched BCs and TNBCs [ 7 ]. The prevalence of the BC types varies between the studies and was reported between 31–86% for luminal A type, 6–16% luminal B, 2–16% HER2-enriched and 4–26% for triple-negative (TNBC or basal-like) tumors [ 8 ].…”

Section: Types Of Breast Cancer and Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening

Frőhlich

2023

IJMS

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and responsible for multiple deaths worldwide. 3D cancer models enable a better representation of tumor physiology than the conventional 2D cultures. This review summarizes the important components of physiologically relevant 3D models and describes the spectrum of 3D breast cancer models, e.g., spheroids, organoids, breast cancer on a chip and bioprinted tissues. The generation of spheroids is relatively standardized and easy to perform. Microfluidic systems allow control over the environment and the inclusion of sensors and can be combined with spheroids or bioprinted models. The strength of bioprinting relies on the spatial control of the cells and the modulation of the extracellular matrix. Except for the predominant use of breast cancer cell lines, the models differ in stromal cell composition, matrices and fluid flow. Organoids are most appropriate for personalized treatment, but all technologies can mimic most aspects of breast cancer physiology. Fetal bovine serum as a culture supplement and Matrigel as a scaffold limit the reproducibility and standardization of the listed 3D models. The integration of adipocytes is needed because they possess an important role in breast cancer.

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Section: Types Of Breast Cancer and Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening

Frőhlich

2023

IJMS

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“…Breast cancer refers to a heterogeneous group of cancers with different characteristics including histology parameters, the pattern of gene expression, metastatic potential, and prognosis [ 3 ]. Five molecular subtypes of breast cancer are defined: (i) luminal A, (ii) luminal B, (iii) epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+), (iv) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and (v) seminormal [ 4 ]. Most of the diagnosed breast cancer cases represent the estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+), luminal A subtype (70%) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Activity of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated by ER and EGFR

Lisiak

Dzikowska

Wisniewska

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Breast cancer is one of the most frequently observed malignancies worldwide and represents a heterogeneous group of cancers. For this reason, it is crucial to properly diagnose every single case so a specific and efficient therapy can be adjusted. One of the most critical diagnostic parameters evaluated in cancer tissue is the status of the estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Interestingly, the expression of the indicated receptors may be used in a personalized therapy approach. Importantly, the promising role of phytochemicals in the modulation of pathways controlled by ER and EGFR was also demonstrated in several types of cancer. One such biologically active compound is oleanolic acid, but due to poor water solubility and cell membrane permeability that limits its use, alternative derivative compounds were developed. These are HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID, which were demonstrated to be capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy or diminishing the migratory and invasive potential of breast cancer cells in vitro. In our study, we revealed that proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and also the migratory potential of HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in breast cancer cells are mediated by ER (MCF7) and EGFR (MDA-MB-231) receptors. These observations make the studied compounds interesting in the context of anticancer strategies.

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“…Women's cancers, especially breast cancer, are the most heterogeneous and common, can be classified into four distinct subtypes based on the immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors: progesterone receptor positive (PR+), estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) and triple-negative (TNBC) [1]. As the name of triple-negative breast cancer implies, the hormone receptors of all three types are absent in TNBC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of immunotherapy with chemotherapy on triple-negative breast cancer

Zhou

2023

International Conference on Modern Medicine and Global Health (ICMMGH 2023)

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Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Cited by 109 publications

References 50 publications

The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening

The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening

Biological Activity of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives HIMOXOL and Br-HIMOLID in Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated by ER and EGFR

Comparison of immunotherapy with chemotherapy on triple-negative breast cancer

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