Subtype distribution of zoonotic pathogen
            <i>Cryptosporidium felis</i>
            in humans and animals in several countries

Jiang, Wen; Roellig, Dawn M.; Lebbad, Marianne; Beser, Jessica; Troell, Karin; Guo, Yaqiong; Li, Na; Xiao, Lihua; Feng, Yaoyu

doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1840312

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The latter could be due to the reduced genetic diversity of C. xiaoi in the province. Previously, host-adapted gp60 subtype families had been identified in other Cryptosporidium spp., such as C. parvum , C. hominis , C. felis , C. ubiquitum , C. tyzzeri , and C. ryanae [ 2 , 12 , 17 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subtyping data of C. xiaoi from more geographic locations and diverse animals are needed for better understanding of the distribution of C. xiaoi subtypes. Previously, geographical differences had been reported in the subtype distribution of C. hominis , C. parvum , C. felis , C. ubiquitum , C. ryanae , and Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I, indicating possible differences in the transmission of these pathogens [ 9 , 12 , 17 , 25 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats

et al. 2021

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Cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of diarrhea in sheep and goats. Among the over 40 established species of Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium xiaoi is one of the dominant species infecting ovine and caprine animals. The lack of subtyping tools makes it impossible to examine the transmission of this pathogen. In the present study, we identified and characterized the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene by sequencing the genome of C. xiaoi. The GP60 protein of C. xiaoi had a signal peptide, a furin cleavage site of RSRR, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and over 100 O-glycosylation sites. Based on the gp60 sequence, a subtyping tool was developed and used in characterizing C. xiaoi in 355 positive samples from sheep and goats in China. A high sequence heterogeneity was observed in the gp60 gene, with 94 sequence types in 12 subtype families, namely XXIIIa to XXIIIl. Co-infections with multiple subtypes were common in these animals, suggesting that genetic recombination might be responsible for the high diversity within C. xiaoi. This was supported by the mosaic sequence patterns among the subtype families. In addition, a potential host adaptation was identified within this species, reflected by the exclusive occurrence of XXIIIa, XXIIIc, XXIIIg, and XXIIIj in goats. This subtyping tool should be useful in studies of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of C. xiaoi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats

et al. 2021

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“…The previously identified household transmission of C. canis between two children and a dog in Lima, Peru [ 190 ] was confirmed by gp60 subtyping [ 49 ]. Five subtype families have also been identified in C. felis (XIXa, XIXb, XIXc, XIXd and XIXe) [ 46 ] and of these, two subtypes (XIXa and XIXb) have been reported in both humans and cats supporting zoonotic transmission, with the remaining three subtypes (XIXc, XIXd and XIXe), possibly transmitted anthropologically [ 40 , 46 , 186 , 192 ].…”

Section: Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans

Ryan

Zahedi

Feng

et al. 2021

Animals

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The enteric parasite, Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness in humans and animals worldwide. No effective therapeutics or vaccines are available and therefore control is dependent on understanding transmission dynamics. The development of molecular detection and typing tools has resulted in the identification of a large number of cryptic species and genotypes and facilitated our understanding of their potential for zoonotic transmission. Of the 44 recognised Cryptosporidium species and >120 genotypes, 19 species, and four genotypes have been reported in humans with C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. canis and C. felis being the most prevalent. The development of typing tools that are still lacking some zoonotic species and genotypes and more extensive molecular epidemiological studies in countries where the potential for transmission is highest are required to further our understanding of this important zoonotic pathogen. Similarly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and amplicon next-generation sequencing (NGS) are important for more accurately tracking transmission and understanding the mechanisms behind host specificity.

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“…Human C. felis infections have shown more recent prevalence in developing countries including China, where it was found to cause Cryptosporidium infection in minimum eight human cases [7]. In addition to cats and humans, C. felis has also been found in other animals including non-human primates, calves, horses, and foxes, suggestive of a possible risk of zoonotic transmission [24]. C. hominis is a pathogenic species commonly found in humans and natural infections have been reported in nonhuman primates, cattle, dugong, marsupials, and goats [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China and the potential of zoonotic transmission

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Cryptosporidium is a primary cause of diarrhea in children globally. However, there is limited information on the prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium in children in Xinjiang, China. This study aimed to assess the genetic characteristics and epidemiological status of Cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China.Methods: A total of 609 fecal samples were collected from kindergartners aged 2-6 y from 11 counties of Southern Xinjiang, China. We used nested PCR amplification of partial SSU rDNA gene to screen the samples for Cryptosporidium spp. The isolates containing C. parvum and C. hominis were further subtyped by a 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60). We used MEGA7 to construct a phylogenetic tree to study the genetic relationship between the gp60 subtypes of these two species via the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model.Results: Only 1.3% (8/609) of asymptomatic children were confirmed as infected with Cryptosporidium with 2.0% (6/299) infection rate in boys and 0.6% (2/310) infection rate in girls. Three Cryptosporidium species were identified including C. felis (37.5%; 3/8), C. hominis (37.5%; 3/8) and C. parvum (25.0%; 2/8). Three C. hominis subtypes (IbA9G3, IdA14 and IfA12G1) and two C. parvum subtypes (IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1) were also found.Conclusions: This study was the first to identify the presence of cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China. The presence of zoonotic C. parvum subtypes IIdA14G1 and IIdA15G1 indicates possible crossspecies transmission of Cryptosporidium between children and animals.

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Subtype distribution of zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium felis in humans and animals in several countries

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats

Subtyping Cryptosporidium xiaoi, a Common Pathogen in Sheep and Goats

An Update on Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Humans

Cryptosporidium in asymptomatic children in Southern Xinjiang, China and the potential of zoonotic transmission

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