Subtropical climate conditions and mangrove growth in Arctic Siberia during the early Eocene

Suan, Guillaume; Popescu, Speranta‐Maria; Suc, Jean‐Pierre; Schnyder, Johann; Fauquette, Séverine; Baudin, François; Yoon, Daichi; Piepjohn, Karsten; Соболев, Н. Н.; Labrousse, Loïc

doi:10.1130/g38547.1

Cited by 66 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A thorough review of Quaternary Cedrus records (pollen grains and macroremains) in Southern Europe was provided by Magri (2012) and completed by Magri et al (2017), leading to a reconstruction of its history around the Mediterranean Basin. A few Cedrus pollen grains have been recorded on both sides of the Arctic Ocean, in the New Siberian Islands (Suan et al, 2017) and the Mackenzie Delta (Salpin et al, accepted) where it confirms a first presence, observed by Rouse & Srivastava (1972), during cooler phases surrounding the early Eocene Climatic Optimum, i.e. at 58 -54 Ma and 50 -38 Ma (Suc, unpublished).…”

Section: Microtropis Fallax Pitard (Celastraceae)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Reconstruction of Mediterranean flora, vegetation and climate for the last 23 million years based on an extensive pollen dataset

Suc¹,

Popescu²,

Fauquette³

et al. 2018

ecmed

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Subtropical evergreen forests left room for Mediterranean sclerophyllous communities, and finally to Artemisia steppes which alternated with mesophilous forests during glacial-interglacial cycles. The South Mediterranean plant ecosystems contrasted with open subdesertic associations where Avicennia persisted up to the early Pliocene before the steppes invaded the lowlands. Neogene climate changes benefited the Mediterranean sclerophyllous plants that were already present in the early Miocene. Their subsequent fluctuations relate not only to temperature variations but maybe also to phases with high instability in seasonality and low variability in warmth. When present, Microtropis fallax is a serious candidate for identifying the primary Mediterranean sclerophyllous assemblages. Interpretation and climate quantification of the pollen data show a well-marked latitudinal contrast in the Mediterranean area both in temperature and humidity/dryness. The thermic latitudinal gradient is characterized

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Section: Microtropis Fallax Pitard (Celastraceae)mentioning

confidence: 85%

Reconstruction of Mediterranean flora, vegetation and climate for the last 23 million years based on an extensive pollen dataset

Suc¹,

Popescu²,

Fauquette³

et al. 2018

ecmed

Self Cite

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“…Weller & Stein, 2008). There are, however, some TEX 86 -based SST values Sluijs et al, 2008) that show surprisingly low values of 8-13°C for the EECO; that is, they are about 10°C lower than the U K 37 -SST values from close-by depth intervals (Figure 15; Table 1), a difference that is very similar to the Arctic seasonal temperature variability (Basinger et al, 1994;Greenwood & Wing, 1995;Suan et al, 2017;Wolfe, 1994). Thus, one possible explanation for this discrepancy could be that these TEX 86 -SST values represent more the winter SST (for further details and discussion, see Weller & Stein, 2008), further supporting year-round ice-free conditions in the central Arctic Ocean under this extreme warmth.…”

Section: 1029/2018pa003433mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As the alkenone‐producing coccolithophorids need sunlight for photosynthesis, the alkenone SST represents the summer SST. Then, considering the strong seasonal temperature variability of >10 °C during the early‐middle Eocene (Basinger et al, ; Wolfe, ; Greenwood & Wing, ; Suan et al, ; see Weller & Stein, , for more detailed discussion of ACEX alkenone data and references), favorable conditions for sea‐ice formation may have occurred during winter time. That means, after about 46.3 Ma (or 41.7 Ma according to Age Model 2), the environmental conditions in part of the Arctic Ocean might have been similar to that observed in the modern Baltic Sea where summer SSTs >15 °C and winter SSTs <1 °C with sea‐ice formation are typical (Krause, ; Schmelzer & Holfort, ; Wüst & Brögmus, ).…”

Section: Long‐term Climate Change From Greenhouse To Icehouse Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Arctic Ocean Climate and Sea Ice History: A Challenge for Past and Future Scientific Ocean Drilling

Stein

2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Over the past 3-4 decades, coincident with global warming and atmospheric CO 2 increase, Arctic sea ice has significantly decreased in its extent as well as in thickness. When extrapolating this alarming trend, the central Arctic Ocean might become ice-free during summers within about the next 2-5 decades. Paleoclimate records allow us to better understand the processes controlling modern climate change and distinguish between natural and anthropogenic forcing. In this context, detailed studies of the earlier Earth history characterized by a much warmer global climate with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are important. The main focus of this review paper is the long-term late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Arctic Ocean climate history from Greenhouse to Icehouse conditions, with special emphasis on Arctic sea ice history. Starting with some information on the Cretaceous Arctic Ocean climate, this paper will concentrate on selected results from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302 (Arctic Ocean Coring Expedition (ACEX)), the first scientific drilling in the permanently ice-covered Arctic Ocean, dealing with the Cenozoic climate history. While these results from ACEX were unprecedented, key questions related to the Cenozoic Arctic climate history remain unanswered, largely due to the major mid-Cenozoic hiatus (if existing) and partly to the poor recovery of the ACEX record. Following-up ACEX and its cutting-edge science, a second scientific drilling on Lomonosov Ridge with a focus on the reconstruction of the continuous and complete Cenozoic Arctic Ocean climate history has currently been proposed and scheduled as IODP Expedition 377 for 2021.

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“…Seasonal ranges are estimated from 2°-3° C to 20° C and an annual precipitation of 120 cm/yr (Eberle and Greenwood, 2012). Similar conditions, including mangrove swamps, were circumpolar at approximately the same paleolatitudes in present-day Siberia (Suan et al, 2017). Not only did the polar warmth facilitate dispersal and spread of Laurasian biotas, but, given the direct and wellestablished relationship between area and species diversity (MacArthur and Wilson, 1963;Lomolino, 2000), the expansion of earth's habitable landmass must have vastly increased the diversification of all life, not just mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska

Grimaldi

Aaroe

Barden

et al. 2018

American Museum Novitates

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The Chickaloon Formation in south-central Alaska contains rich coal deposits dated very close to the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, immediately beneath which occur dispersed nodules of amber along with abundant remains of Metasequoia, dicots, and monocots. The nodules are small (less than 10 mm in length), nearly 10,000 of which were screened, yielding several inclu¬ sions of fungi and plant fragments, but mostly terrestrial arthropods: 29 specimens in 10 orders and 13 families. The fungi include resinicolous hyphae and a dark, multiseptate hyphomycete. Plants include wood/bark fragments and fibers, and the microphylls of a bryophyte (probably a moss, Musci). Among the arthropods are arachnids: mites (Acari: Oribatida), Pseudoscorpionida, and the bodies and a silken cocoon of spiders (Araneae). Insecta include Blattodea, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera (Heteroptera and Aphidoidea), Coleoptera (Dermestidae: Megatominae), Trichoptera, Diptera (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), and Hymenoptera (Formicidae: Formicinae). Nymphal aphids predominate (65% of the arthropod individuals), which were probably feeding on the source tree, likely Metasequoia. There is a bias in preservation toward small arthropods (mean body length 0.75 mm) that are surface-dwelling (nonwinged) stages and taxa. Chickaloon amber contains the most northerly fossil records of pseudoscorpions, thrips, Dermestidae, and Cenozoic ants and mites, so the deposit is contributing unique data on high-latitude paleodiversity of the Paleogene hothouse earth.

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Subtropical climate conditions and mangrove growth in Arctic Siberia during the early Eocene

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Reconstruction of Mediterranean flora, vegetation and climate for the last 23 million years based on an extensive pollen dataset

Reconstruction of Mediterranean flora, vegetation and climate for the last 23 million years based on an extensive pollen dataset

The Late Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Arctic Ocean Climate and Sea Ice History: A Challenge for Past and Future Scientific Ocean Drilling

Biological Inclusions in Amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska

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