Subtraction autoradiography of opiate receptor subtypes in human brain

Cross, A.J.; Hille, Christopher J.; Slater, P.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90101-6

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present study, the insula and VS, regions known to have a high density of µ-opioid receptors (Cross, Hille, & Slater, 1987;Jones et al, 1999;Zubieta et al, 2001) were the only regions to show activity to both social and physical warmth. Although not explicitly tested here, µ-opioids may contribute to the shared neural circuitry underlying physical and social warmth (Handler, Geller, & Adler, 1992;Panksepp, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Shared Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Warmth and Physical Warmth

2013

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Many of people’s closest bonds grow out of socially warm exchanges and the warm feelings associated with being socially connected. Indeed, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying thermoregulation may be shared by those that regulate social warmth, the experience of feeling connected to other people. To test this possibility, we placed participants in a functional MRI scanner and asked them to (a) read socially warm and neutral messages from friends and family and (b) hold warm and neutral-temperature objects (a warm pack and a ball, respectively). Findings showed an overlap between physical and social warmth: Participants felt warmer after reading the positive (compared with neutral) messages and more connected after holding the warm pack (compared with the ball). In addition, neural activity during social warmth overlapped with neural activity during physical warmth in the ventral striatum and middle insula, but neural activity did not overlap during another pleasant task (soft touch). Together, these results suggest that a common neural mechanism underlies physical and social warmth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Shared Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Warmth and Physical Warmth

2013

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“…Methadone has affinity for all three receptor subtypes, but its K i value at the receptor subtype is 10.1 nM (Li et al, 1998) compared with over 1000 nM for and ␦ receptor subtypes (Raynor et al, 1994). Even in the thalamus where the subtype predominates (Cross et al, 1987), no reduction in […”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The data were further analyzed using published data (Pfeiffer et al, 1982, Cross et al, 1987, Delay-Goyet et al, 1987 on the regional variation in the distribution of the , , and ␦ opioid receptor subtypes assessed in vitro. This did not yield any relationship between receptor subtype distribution and the effect of methadone on […”

Section: Human Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using [¹¹C]Diprenorphine to Image Opioid Receptor Occupancy by Methadone in Opioid Addiction: Clinical and Preclinical Studies

Melichar

Hume²,

Williams³

et al. 2004

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Substitute methadone prescribing is one of the main modes of treatment for opioid dependence with established evidence for improved health and social outcomes. However, the pharmacology underpinning the effects of methadone is little studied despite controversies about dosing in relation to outcome. We therefore examined the relationship between methadone dose and occupation of opioid receptors in brain using the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [11 C]diprenorphine in humans and rats. Eight opioid-dependent subjects stable on their substitute methadone (18 -90 mg daily) had an [11 C]diprenorphine PET scan at predicted peak plasma levels of methadone. These were compared with eight healthy controls. No difference in [ 11 C]diprenorphine binding was found between the groups, with no relationship between methadone dose and occupancy. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that had been given an acute i.v. injection of methadone hydrochloride (0.35, 0.5, 0.7, or 1.0 mg kg Ϫ1 ) before [ 11 C]diprenorphine showed a dose-dependent increase in biodistribution but no reduction in [ 11 C]diprenorphine binding. We suggest that the lack of a dosedependent relationship between methadone dose, either given chronically in human or acutely in rat, and occupancy of opioid receptor measured with [ 11 C]diprenorphine PET is related to efficacy of this opioid agonist at very low levels of opioid receptor occupancy. This has implications for understanding the actions of methadone in comparison with other opioid drugs such as partial agonists and antagonists.

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“…The direction and localization of these responses confirms the role of mu-opioid receptors in the regulation of affective experiences in humans. Mu-opioid receptors are widely distributed throughout the human central nervous system with a particularly dense location in the basal ganglia, cortical structures, thalamic nuclei, spinal cord, and specific nuclei in the brainstem [46][47][48]. This explains their multiple roles in pain perception and behavior.…”

Section: Endogenous Opioids and Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Endogenous Opioids in the Placebo Effect in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Sher¹

2004

Complement Med Res

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Summary The concept of the placebo effect has received a considerable attention over the past several decades. The placebo effect has been observed in different psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic and severe disorder precipitated by exposure to a psychologically distressing event. The placebo response rates in patients with PTSD range from 19% to 62%. A considerable number of research publications suggest that endogenous opioids are involved in the mechanisms of the placebo effect. Endogenous opioid peptides play an important role in stress response and in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Therefore, endogenous opioids may be involved in the neurobiology of the placebo effect in PTSD. Possibly, the endogenous opioid system mediates the effect of placebo on all 3 PTSD symptom clusters (re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance and numbing, and physiologic arousal). The placebo effectrelated activation of the endogenous opioid system may result in an improvement in intrusive symptomatology and symptoms of increased arousal because the administration of exogenous opioids improve these symptoms. The placebo effect-related activation of the endogenous opioid system may have a mood-enhancing effect, and, consequently, diminish avoidance and numbing. Multiple neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine pathways may be involved in the mechanisms of the placebo effect in PTSD. Further studies of the neurobiology of the placebo effect on patients with PTSD and other psychiatric disorders may produce interesting and important results.

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Subtraction autoradiography of opiate receptor subtypes in human brain

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Shared Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Warmth and Physical Warmth

Shared Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Warmth and Physical Warmth

Using [¹¹C]Diprenorphine to Image Opioid Receptor Occupancy by Methadone in Opioid Addiction: Clinical and Preclinical Studies

The Role of Endogenous Opioids in the Placebo Effect in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Subtraction autoradiography of opiate receptor subtypes in human brain

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Shared Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Warmth and Physical Warmth

Shared Neural Mechanisms Underlying Social Warmth and Physical Warmth

Using [11C]Diprenorphine to Image Opioid Receptor Occupancy by Methadone in Opioid Addiction: Clinical and Preclinical Studies

The Role of Endogenous Opioids in the Placebo Effect in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

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Using [¹¹C]Diprenorphine to Image Opioid Receptor Occupancy by Methadone in Opioid Addiction: Clinical and Preclinical Studies