Subtoxic levels of some heavy metals cause differential root-shoot structure, morphology and auxins levels in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sofo, Adriano; Khan, Nafees A.; D’Ippolito, Ilaria; Reyes, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.027

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…High concentrations of cadmium (Cd) severely inhibits root hair number in Arabidopsis and may even lead to root hair death . In barley, Cd absorption is closely related to root hair length and density .…”

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root hairs of Arabidopsis treated with lead (Pb) were found to be longer and showed an unusual phenotype .…”

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, increases in the number of root hairs may be due to plants attempting to improve the uptake of other nutrients when subjected to Pb stress . In addition, mercury (Hg) also has adverse effects on root hair that resemble the effects of Pb. , …”

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Root hairs tie the root system to the soil substrate, facilitate water and nutrient absorption, and enable the interaction with microbes in the soil. Root hair development can be classified into three main development types (I−III). Root hair development type III has been extensively studied, mainly represented using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription factors, plant hormones, and proteins are involved at different root hair developmental stages. The mechanisms underlying development in types I and II have been examined using other representative plant species but have not been studied as intensively.Many key developmental genes in types I and II are highly homologous with those in type III, exhibiting conservation of related mechanisms. Root hairs are also involved in the regulation of plant response to abiotic stress by altering developmental patterns. Abiotic stress, regulatory genes, and plant hormones jointly regulate root hair development and growth; however, few studies have focused on how root hair recognizes abiotic stress signals. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of root hair development and adaptations under stress, and prospective future developments in root hair research are also discussed.

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Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root hairs of Arabidopsis treated with lead (Pb) were found to be longer and showed an unusual phenotype .…”

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…These translocations affected the metabolism and caused the stunted growth in the shoots 6 . Also, HM pose a negative effect on morphological 7 , physiological 8 and biochemical 9 properties as well as nutritional uptake 10 and symbiotic features 11 of leguminous crops including chickpeas. In addition, HMs caused a significant reduction in soil microbial activity, soil fertility and yields losses 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-tolerant and siderophore producing Pseudomonas fluorescence and Trichoderma spp. improved the growth, biochemical features and yield attributes of chickpea by lowering Cd uptake

Syed

Elgorban

Bahkali

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Industrialization and human urbanization have led to an increase in heavy metal (HM) pollution which often cause negative/toxic effect on agricultural crops. The soil-HMs cannot be degraded biologically however, microbe-mediated detoxification of toxic HMs into lesser toxic forms are reported. Considering the potentiality of HMs-tolerant soil microbes in metal detoxification, Pseudomonas fluorescence PGPR-7 and Trichoderma sp. T-4 were recovered from HM-affected areas. Under both normal and cadmium stress, the ability of both microorganisms to produce different plant hormones and biologically active enzymes was examined. Strains PGPR-7 and T-4 tolerated cadmium (Cd) an up-to 1800 and 2000 µg mL−1, respectively, and produced various plant growth regulating substances (IAA, siderophore, ACC deaminase ammonia and HCN) in Cd-stressed condition. The growth promoting and metal detoxifying ability of both strains were evaluated (either singly/combined) by applying them in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants endogenously contaminated with different Cd levels (0–400 µg kg−1 soils). The higher Cd concentration (400 µg kg−1 soils) negatively influenced the plant parameters which, however, improved following single/combined inoculation of P. fluorescence PGPR-7 and Trichoderma sp. T-4. Both microbial strains increased the growth of Cd-treated chickpeas however, their combined inoculation (PGPR-7 + T-4) caused the most positive effect. For instance, 25 µg Cd Kg−1 + PGPR-7 + T4 treatment caused maximum increase in germination percentage (10%), root dry biomass (71.4%) and vigour index (33%), chl-a (38%), chl-b (41%) and carotenoid content (52%). Furthermore, combined inoculation of P. fluorescence PGPR-7 and Trichoderma sp. T-4 maximally decreased the proline, MDA content, POD and CAT activities by 50%, 43% and 62%, respectively following their application in 25 µg Cd kg−1 soils-treated chickpea. Additionally, microbial strains lowered the plant uptake of Cd. For example, Cd-uptake in root tissues was decreased by 42 and 34% when 25 µg Cd Kg−1- treated chickpea plants were inoculated with P. fluorescence PGPR-7, Trichoderma sp. T-4 and co-inoculation (PGPR-7 + T4) of both strains, respectively. Therefore, from the current observation, it is suggested that dual inoculation of metal tolerant P. fluorescence and Trichoderma sp. may potentially be used in detoxification and reclamation of metal-contaminated soils.

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“…Plants of Hymenaea courbaril exposed to excess Cu (800 mg/kg-soil) showed a reduction in length, surface area volume, and dry mass of roots [34]. A. thaliana grown in either a gel medium or hydroponics on an excess Cu concentration showed changes in lignin accumulation and root length reduction, or significant changes in root morphology [32,35,36]. Another study with Rhodes grass in resin buffered hydroponics showed that less than 1 µM of external Cu resulted in a reduction in root growth [37].…”

Section: Variations In Pigment Concentration and Trlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Estimation of Synergistic Toxicity of Cu and Zn on Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana by Isobolographic Method

Bae¹,

Park²,

Kang³

2022

Toxics

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Heavy metal is one of the most frequent soil contaminants and contaminated soils generally include numerous metals. Although exposure to multiple metals may increase the toxicity to humans and ecosystems, only additive effects are considered in the risk assessment. In this study, the synergistic effect of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) on a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, was quantified by the isobolographic method. The plant was cultured via the growth assay method on a plant agar containing individual heavy metals or combinations of Cu + Zn in a growth chamber. The concentration of Cu varied by eight levels from 0 to 200 μM and the concentration of Zn also varied by eight levels from 0 to 400 μM. In the combination of metals, each of the three levels of Cu (25–75 μM) and Zn (20–100 μM) were applied. After 8 days, plants were harvested for root/shoot weight and measured for leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content. The primary and secondary root elongation of A. thaliana was estimated using image analysis to calculate total root length. The EC50 values of Cu and Zn on A. thaliana, based on the total root length, were 40.0 and 76.4 μM, respectively. When two heavy metals were administered in combination, the EC values decreased less than those of the individual metals. The average value of the combination index was 0.6, proving the synergistic toxic effect on the root growth of A. Thaliana. As a result, the isobolograhic method is a useful tool for estimating the quantitative toxic effect of chemicals on plants.

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Subtoxic levels of some heavy metals cause differential root-shoot structure, morphology and auxins levels in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Metal-tolerant and siderophore producing Pseudomonas fluorescence and Trichoderma spp. improved the growth, biochemical features and yield attributes of chickpea by lowering Cd uptake

Quantitative Estimation of Synergistic Toxicity of Cu and Zn on Growth of Arabidopsis thaliana by Isobolographic Method

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