Subtle Distinctions: How Attentional Templates Influence EEG Parameters of Cognitive Control in a Spatial Cuing Paradigm

Mertes, Christine; Schneider, Daniel

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00113

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…On the one hand, our conclusion that the CP changes as a function of search task is consistent with some observations from previous studies. For instance, the CP was unaffected by the match between cue and target when the target was easy to find (Mertes et al, 2016), whereas the CP was larger for matching than nonmatching cues when the target was more difficult to find (Schönhammer et al, 2016(Schönhammer et al, , 2020Mertes & Schneider, 2018). On the other hand, our conclusions are at odds with the previous interpretation that the CP reflects cue suppression (Harris et al, 2019;Mertes & Schneider, 2018;Mertes et al, 2016;Sawaki & Luck, 2013).…”

Section: Relation To Previous Interpretations Of the Cpcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…With fixed target color, only cues in the target color captured attention, whereas unrelated cue colors did not. Thus, the precision of the attentional template was better than expected on the basis of singleton search alone (see also Harris, Jacoby, Remington, Travis, & Mattingley, 2019;Mertes & Schneider, 2018;Harris, Becker, & Remington, 2015;Eimer & Kiss, 2010). In contrast, precise attentional templates are required when the target is shown with a nontarget in a different color and it is no longer possible to search for a singleton (Kerzel & Witzel, 2019;Grubert & Eimer, 2016;Irons et al, 2012;Ansorge, Horstmann, & Carbone, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The N2pc occurs at posterior electrodes PO7/8, from about 180-300 msec after stimulus onset. Electrophysiological results obtained in the modified spatial cueing paradigm suggests that attentional selectivity for target features is reflected in the cue-elicited N2pc because the cue-elicited N2pc was larger for target-matching cue colors (Mertes & Schneider, 2018;Grubert & Eimer, 2016;Mertes, Wascher, & Schneider, 2016;Eimer & Kiss, 2008;Lien, Ruthruff, Goodin, & Remington, 2008). Furthermore, Yeh, Yeh, and Kuo (2019) have already established that the N2pc is sensitive to the similarity between target and distractors in the shape dimension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Attentional Templates Are Sharpened through Differential Signal Enhancement, Not Differential Allocation of Attention

Kerzel

Cong

2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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In visual search, the internal representation of the target feature is referred to as attentional template. The attentional template can be broad or precise depending on the task requirements. In singleton search, the attentional template is broad because the target is the only colored element in the display. In feature search, a precise attentional template is required because the target is in a specific color in an array of varied colors. To measure the precision of the attentional template, we used a cue-target paradigm where cueing benefits decrease when the cue color differs from the target color. Consistent with broad and precise attentional templates, the decrease of cueing effects was stronger in feature than in singleton search. Measurements of ERPs showed that the N2pc elicited by the cue decreased with increasing color difference, suggesting that attention was more strongly captured by cues that were similar to the target. However, the cue-elicited N2pc did not differ between feature and singleton search, making it unlikely to reflect the mechanism underlying attentional template precision. Furthermore, there was no evidence for attentional suppression as there was no cue-elicited PD, even in conditions where the cueing benefit turned into a same-location cost. However, an index of signal enhancement, the contralateral positivity, reflected attention template precision. In general, there was sensory enhancement of the stimulus appearing at the cued location in the search display. With broad attentional templates, any stimulus at the cued location was enhanced, whereas enhancement was restricted to target-matching colors with precise attentional templates.

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Section: Relation To Previous Interpretations Of the Cpcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Attentional Templates Are Sharpened through Differential Signal Enhancement, Not Differential Allocation of Attention

Kerzel

Cong

2021

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Moreover, in a later time window, we obtained a large lateralized positivity after the N2pc, and only for those cues that produced a significant N2pc (i.e., relatively matching critical cues or context cues). The first studies attributed these positives to the suppression of a selected item after attentional capture, possibly reflecting disengagement of attention from the cue location (Mertes & Schneider, 2018; Mertes et al, 2016; Sawaki & Luck, 2013). In subsequent research, the time interval between cue and target array was varied, and it was found that the positivity is time-locked to the target array and is therefore unrelated to attentional capture by the cue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional capture by context cues, not inhibition of cue singletons, explains same location costs.

Schönhammer¹,

Becker²,

Kerzel³

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Recent attentional capture studies with the spatial cueing paradigm often found that target-dissimilar precues resulted in longer RTs on valid than invalid cue trials. These same location costs were accompanied by a contralateral positivity over posterior electrodes from 200 to 300 ms, similar to a P D component. Same location costs and the P D have been linked to the inhibition of cues with a unique feature (singleton cues) that do not match the target feature. In some studies reporting same location costs, the cue was surrounded by other cues (i.e., the context cues) that matched the physical or relative feature of the target. We hypothesized that the context cues might have captured attention and might have elicited data patterns that mimicked the inhibitory effects. To disentangle inhibition of the singleton cue from capture by the context cues, we added gray cues to the cue array, which we considered neutral because gray matched neither the target nor the nontarget color. In four experiments, the results consistently showed that the context cues in the nonmatching cue condition captured attention, as reflected in shorter RTs compared to neutral cues and a substantial N2pc to lateralized context cues. By contrast, the evidence for inhibition of the singleton cue was rather weak. Therefore, same location costs and lateralized positivity in the event-related potential of participants in several recent studies probably reflected attentional capture by the context cues, not inhibition of the singleton cue. Public Significance StatementHow do we select relevant information from cluttered visual scenes? Many studies suggest that attentional control mechanisms facilitate processing of relevant and inhibit processing of irrelevant information. Several recent studies found evidence that supports the inhibition of irrelevant information. This study shows, however, that in a subset of these studies the findings are more likely associated with facilitation of context information than with inhibition.

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“…The event-related potential (ERP) technique has been used to investigate attentional capture as well as suppression by task-irrelevant stimuli, indexed by N2-posteriorcontralateral (N2pc) and distractor positivity (P D ), respectively (Hickey et al, 2009;Luck & Hillyard, 1994a, 1994b. N2pc, usually appearing 180-280 ms after stimuli onset, is the difference wave between ERPs elicited at the contralateral and ipsilateral electrodes, with its maximal amplitude at the PO7/PO8 electrode (Corriveau et al, 2012;Dell'Acqua et al, 2006;Luck & Hillyard, 1994a, 1994b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliency affects attentional capture and suppression of abrupt‐onset and color singleton distractors: Evidence from event‐related potential studies

Chen

et al. 2023

Psychophysiology

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Attention is the process of selecting relevant information and suppressing irrelevant information. However, it is still controversial whether attentional capture by salient but task-irrelevant stimuli operates in a bottom-up fashion (stimulusdriven theory) or a top-down fashion (goal-driven theory) or if even salient distractors can be suppressed before capturing attention (signal suppression theory).

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Subtle Distinctions: How Attentional Templates Influence EEG Parameters of Cognitive Control in a Spatial Cuing Paradigm

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Attentional Templates Are Sharpened through Differential Signal Enhancement, Not Differential Allocation of Attention

Attentional Templates Are Sharpened through Differential Signal Enhancement, Not Differential Allocation of Attention

Attentional capture by context cues, not inhibition of cue singletons, explains same location costs.

Saliency affects attentional capture and suppression of abrupt‐onset and color singleton distractors: Evidence from event‐related potential studies

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