Subsurface Injection of Liquid Waste in Florida, United States of America

Vecchioli, John

doi:10.1016/s0166-1116(08)71930-7

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In Santa Rosa County, an organic waste that results from the manufacture of acrylic fibers is injected. The injection zones at both sites have a relatively low transmissivity compared with injection zones in Pinellas and Dade Counties (Vecchioli, 1981). Saline water that has a dissolved-solids concentration of about two-fifths that of seawater occurs in the injection zone.…”

Section: Hydrogeology Of Injection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Subsurface injection of liquid waste with emphasis on injection practices in Florida

Hickey¹,

Vecchioli²

1986

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As described herein, subsurface injection of liquid wastes has been practiced in the United States for more than 50 years. Early use was for the return to the subsurface of oilfield brines brought to the surface during petroleum production. Application to other liquid wastes began during the 1930's but did not achieve a significant status until the introduction of comprehensive Federal water pollution control laws and regulations in the 1960's and early 1970*8. My involvement with industrial and municipal wastewater injection technology began 20 years ago at the time interest in the method was strongly growing. I was convinced, at that time, that full use of the available oil-industry technology with appropriate modifications for the special problems involved would result in an environmentally safe practice that was well suited to some wastewaters. While never promoting subsurface injection, I attempted to provide technical information in an understandable form to other professionals, to administrators, and to the public so that appropriate regulatory judgments could be made at all political levels and so that wastewater injection, when practiced, would use the best available technology. The evidence from practice available today supports my original beliefs about the environmental safety of wastewater injection, as pointed out by J.H. Lehr in his article "The Word Is Out on Underground Injection and It's Not All Bad," published in the July-August 1984 issue of "Ground Water." Moreover, a rather comprehensive and sophisticated regulatory program has evolved under the Safe Drinking Water Act and the attendant Underground Injection Control Program that incorporates the necessary technical provisions for safe injection practice. Critics continue to question the methodology itself and the effectiveness of regulation, but evidence strongly supports continuation of its use in appropriate circumstances and with proper system design, construction, and operation. This publication is a fine contribution to the continuing documentation of injection practice. It ably summarizes the geology and hydrology and historic aspects of wastewater injection in Florida and provides a general background for those not already familiar with the technology.

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Section: Hydrogeology Of Injection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…On the basis of their distance from an injection well, observation wells can be classifed as onsite, satellite, or regional (Vecchioli, 1979). Onsite wells are generally within tens of feet from an injection well and are used to monitor vertical migration of waste or displaced saline formation water.…”

Section: Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface injection of liquid waste with emphasis on injection practices in Florida

Hickey¹,

Vecchioli²

1986

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“…Disposal of stormwater runoff through drainage injection wells is also commonplace in other parts of Florida. Although precise records are lacking, there may be several thousand drainage injection wells that are actively used for stormwater disposal in peninsular Florida (Vecchioli, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1979, there were 10 disposal systems using pressure injection in Florida 5 for the disposal of industrial liquid waste and 5 for municipal wastewater. The average injection rate for the industrial systems was about 5.5 Mgal/d and 38 Mgal/d for the municipal waste systems (Vecchioli, 1981). A detailed description of most of the active waste injection systems in Florida, along with an extensive bibliography of research activities on subsurface injection of liquid waste, can be found in Vecchioli andothers, 1979, andKimrey andFayard, 1982. The use of subsurface injection as a method of liquid waste disposal will likely increase in many areas of Florida.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average injection rate for the industrial systems was about 5.5 Mgal/d and 38 Mgal/d for the municipal waste systems (Vecchioli, 1981). A detailed description of most of the active waste injection systems in Florida, along with an extensive bibliography of research activities on subsurface injection of liquid waste, can be found in Vecchioli andothers, 1979, andKimrey andFayard, 1982. The use of subsurface injection as a method of liquid waste disposal will likely increase in many areas of Florida. Growth in subsurface disposal is anticipated because the hydrogeology in many parts of Florida is conducive to liquid waste injection and because recent water pollution control legislation discourages surface disposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality of water recovered from a municipal effluent injection well in the Floridan aquifer system, Pompano Beach, Florida

McKenzie¹,

Irwin²

1984

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Approximately 69 million gallons of backflow from an injection well used for the disposal of secondary treated municipal effluent in the Floridan aquifer system near Pompano Beach, Florida, was periodically sampled for inorganic and organic quality from March 1975 through March 1977. Analyses of the backflowed effluent showed a concomitant increase in dissolved solids and a change in ionic composition as a function of cumulative volume of backflow. Both the increase in dissolved solids and the change in major ionic composition were directly related to the mixing of an estimated 6 to 7 percent of the moderately saline water in the Floridan aquifer system with the injected effluent. Although an estimated 3.5 billion gallons of effluent with an estimated chloride concentration of 84 milligrams per liter was injected into the aquifer system during the 16-year operation of the Collier Manor treatment plant, only 65 to 70 million gallons (about 2 percent of the total effluent) was recovered before the chloride concentration approached 250 milligrams per liter. Unlike the more conservative major inorganic constituents, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and hydrogen sulfide decreased with cumulative backflow. The reduction in concentrations of these nonconservative variables in the final backflow samples exceeded that which was likely caused by a 6 to 7 percent mixing of the water in the Floridan aquifer system with injected effluent. The decreases of many nonconservative variables, therefore, were probably the result of both mixing and other processes such as ion exchange, sorption, bacterial activity, and chemical precipitation. Overall, the recovered effluent was of poor quality and was not suitable for most uses under existing State regulations. Additionally, the inorganic quality of the injected effluent was further degraded as a result of mixing with the moderately saline native water.

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National water summary 1984: Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground-water resources

1985

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Subsurface Injection of Liquid Waste in Florida, United States of America

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Subsurface injection of liquid waste with emphasis on injection practices in Florida

Subsurface injection of liquid waste with emphasis on injection practices in Florida

Quality of water recovered from a municipal effluent injection well in the Floridan aquifer system, Pompano Beach, Florida

National water summary 1984: Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground-water resources

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