Subsurface Geometry and Emplacement Conditions of a Giant Dike System in Elysium Fossae, Mars

Rivas‐Dorado, Sam; Ruíz, Javier; Romeo, I.

doi:10.1029/2020je006512

Cited by 10 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…On the other hand, the lateral propagation of the system toward the east implies that the seismicity could be also located at depth near the propagating dike tips (Green et al, 2015;Rubin & Gillard, 1998;Sigmundsson et al, 2015). Indeed, Rivas-Dorado et al (2021) have shown that Martian conditions are favorable to develop giant dike systems (e.g., Elysium Fossae) that could reach much greater depths (15-20 km).…”

Section: Regional and Local Stress Concentrations: Constraints On Marsquake Locations Recorded By The Insight Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry and Segmentation of Cerberus Fossae, Mars: Implications for Marsquake Properties

et al. 2022

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Section: Regional and Local Stress Concentrations: Constraints On Marsquake Locations Recorded By The Insight Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry and Segmentation of Cerberus Fossae, Mars: Implications for Marsquake Properties

et al. 2022

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“…This would help with the undertaking of a quantitative back restoration of structures and related processes and thus help to improve current geophysical and geodetic models for eruption forecasts. In addition, for the growing field of planetary volcanology with surface imagery as the main data source, we need a solid understanding of related magma transport in the subsurface to be able to interpret extra-terrestrial processes e.g., [109]. the Sosa family and Rubén Castillo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement and Segment Geometry of Large, High-Viscosity Magmatic Sheets

et al. 2021

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Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism.

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“…1A). It is widely acknowledged that this model-predicted value for fracture toughness is much larger than the expected values for the host rock (Rivalta et al, 2015;Cruden et al, 2017), with model results typically in the region of 𝐾 𝐼𝑐 = 300 − 3000 𝑀𝑃𝑎 √𝑚 on Earth (Schultz et al, 2008), with estimates up to 𝐾 𝐼𝑐 = 15,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎 √𝑚 on Mars (Rivas-Dorado et al, 2021); these predictions are compared to ~1 𝑀𝑃𝑎√𝑚 in nature (Atkinson, 1984). To appreciate how unphysical these calculated values are, the fracture toughness of all classes of material are shown in Figure 1C, where 𝛼 ≈ 10 −5 √𝑚 for technical ceramics including glass, and 𝛼 ≈ 10 −4 √𝑚 for building materials such as concrete and brick, with the very highest values of 𝛼 ≈ 10 −3 √𝑚 for high-performance structural materials such as metal alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

No unique scaling law for igneous dikes

Gill¹,

Walker²,

McCaffrey³

et al. 2022

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In linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), veins, dikes, and sills grow in length when the stress intensity factor [K_I] at the tip reaches a critical value: the host rock fracture toughness [K_Ic]. This criterion is applied broadly in LEFM models for crack growth and assumes that the pressure inside the crack is uniform. When applied to intrusion length versus thickness scaling, a significant issue arises in that derived [K_Ic] = 300 to 3000 MPa √m, which is about 100–1000 times that of measured K_Ic values for rocks at upper crustal depths. The same scaling relationships applied to comparatively short mineral vein data gives [K_Ic]<10 MPa √m, approaching the expected range. Here we propose that intrusions preserve non-equilibrated pressures as cracks controlled by kinetics, and therefore cannot be treated in continuum with fracture-controlled constant pressure (equilibrium) structures such as veins, or many types of scaled analogue model. Early stages of dike growth (inflation) give rise to increasing length and thickness, but magma pressure gradients within intrusions may serve to drive late-stage lengthening at the expense of maximum thickness (relaxation). For cracks in 2D, we find that intrusion scaling in non-equilibrium growth is controlled by the magma injection rate and initial dike scaling, effective (2D) host rock modulus, magma viscosity and cooling rate, which are different for all individual intrusions and sets of intrusions. A solidified intrusion can therefore achieve its final dimensions via many routes, with relaxation acting as a potentially significant factor, hence there is no unique scaling law for intrusions.

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Subsurface Geometry and Emplacement Conditions of a Giant Dike System in Elysium Fossae, Mars

Abstract: Mars is a planet with extensive volcanism. The two volcanic provinces of Tharsis and Elysium show multitude of large volcanoes, smaller shield edifices, unrooted cones, lava flows, and volcanic plains of a wide range of ages (

Cited by 10 publications

References 147 publications

Geometry and Segmentation of Cerberus Fossae, Mars: Implications for Marsquake Properties

Geometry and Segmentation of Cerberus Fossae, Mars: Implications for Marsquake Properties

Emplacement and Segment Geometry of Large, High-Viscosity Magmatic Sheets

No unique scaling law for igneous dikes

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