Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Performance at a Pennsylvania Campground and Conference Center

Shannon, R. D.; Flite, Oscar P.; Hunter, Michael S.

doi:10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900060041x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The final effluent wetlands were not designed with a surface flow discharge, but were constructed so that the nitrified effluent would infiltrate the shallow riparian soils before reaching the receiving stream. Further details about the constructed wetland system are provided in Shannon et al (2000)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Removal in a Riparian Wetland of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province

et al. 2001

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Riparian zones within the Appalachian Valley and Ridge physiographic province are often characterized by localized variability in soil moisture and organic carbon content, as well as variability in the distribution of soils formed from alluvial and colluvial processes. These sources of variability may significantly influence denitrification rates. This investigation studied the attenuation of nitrate (NO3- -N) as wastewater effluent flowed through the shallow ground water of a forested headwater riparian zone within the Appalachian Valley and Ridge physiographic province. Ground water flow and NO3- -N measurements indicated that NO3- -N discharged to the riparian zone preferentially flowed through the A and B horizons of depressional wetlands located in relic meander scars, with NO3- -N decreasing from > 12 to < 0.5 mg L(-1). Denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) attributable to riparian zone location, soil horizon, and NO3- -N amendments was also determined. Mean DEA in saturated soils attained values as high as 210 microg N kg(-1) h(-1), and was significantly higher than in unsaturated soils, regardless of horizon (p < 0.001). Denitrification enzyme activity in the shallow A horizon of wetland soils was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in deeper soils. Significant stimulation of DEA (p = 0.027) by N03- -N amendments occurred only in the meander scar soils receiving low NO3- -N (<3.6 mg L(-1)) concentrations. Significant denitrification of high NO3- -N ground water can occur in riparian wetland soils, but DEA is dependent upon localized differences in the degree of soil saturation and organic carbon content.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Removal in a Riparian Wetland of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province

et al. 2001

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“…As wetland sorption sites were saturated, phosphate removal was reduced (Tanner et al, 1998). Shannon et al (2000) showed removal of N to increase the second year and removal of phosphate to decrease the second year in an SF constructed wetland system. They attributed increased N removal to increased plant density and decreased phosphate removal to partial saturation of sorption sites.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Constructed wetlands are a treatment method that contain and remove runoff chemicals by various processes including microbial degradation, plant uptake, sorption, chemical reactions, and volatilization. Constructed wetlands, using a subsurface flow (SF) gravel media, have recently been used to clean wastewater, primarily for N and P (Shannon et al, 2000; Tanner et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pesticide Removal from Container Nursery Runoff in Constructed Wetland Cells

et al. 2003

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The increased use of pesticides by container nurseries demands that practices for removal of these potential contaminants from runoff water be examined. Constructed wetlands may be designed to clean runoff water from agricultural production sites, including container nurseries. This study evaluated 14 constructed wetlands cells (1.2 by 4.9 m or 2.4 by 4.9 m, and 30 or 45 cm deep) that collected pesticide runoff from a 465-m2 gravel bed containerized nursery in Baxter, TN. One-half of the cells were vegetated with bulrush, Scirpus validus. The cells were loaded at three rates or flows of 0.240, 0.120, and 0.060 m3 d(-1). Herbicides-simazine (Princep) [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and metolachlor (Pennant) [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl-acetamide] -were applied to the gravel portion of the container nursery at rates of 4.78 and 239 kg ha(-1), respectively, 9 July 1998, and at rates of 2.39 and 1.19 kg ha(-1), respectively, 17 May 1999. Pesticides entering the wetland and wetland cell water samples were analyzed daily to determine pesticide removal. At the slower flow rate, which corresponds to lower mass loading and greater hydraulic retention times (HRTs), a greater percentage of pesticides was removed. During the 2-yr period, cells with plants removed 82.4% metolachlor and 77.1% simazine compared with cells without plants, which removed 63.2% metolachlor and 64.3% simazine. At the lowest flow rate and mass loading, wetland cells removed 90.2% metolachlor and 83% simazine. Gravel subsurface flow constructed wetlands removed most of the pesticides in runoff water with the greatest removal occurring at lower flow rates in vegetated cells.

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“…However, the effectiveness at transforming and removing nitrogen and phosphorus is still very poor (USEPA, 1993;Reed et al, 1995). It has been reported recently that it is effective to use the combination of constructed wetlands and sand filters to treat septic tank effluent, polish, and nitrify secondary effluents (Schonborn, et al, 1996;Mander, et al, 1996;Gearheart 1999;Mahlum & Stalnacke, 1999;Shannon, et al, 2000). Boller et al (1993) studied laboratory and full-scale buried sand filters receiving septic tank wastewater under intermittent loading conditions.…”

Section: Sand Filtration Enhancement To Cw Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the coupling of CW and sand filters is a rather recent engineering practice to treat wastewater, there are very few reports of exhaustion problems and recovery methods for sand filtration under such conditions (Schonborn, et al, 1996;Shannon, et al, 2000).…”

Section: Maintenance Of Sand Filter Polishing Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands and Sand Filters Performance Evaluation Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Liu¹,

Dahab²,

Woldt³

et al. 2001

proc water environ fed

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A constructed wetlands treatment system consisting of subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) cells and sand filters was studied for its effectiveness as a small community wastewater treatment alternative. Monitoring data collected from wetland cells and the sand filter cells, which began from June 1996 to the end of 2000, were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis for the purpose of differentiating the performance between CW and CW followed by sand filters. Sand filtration of subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) effluent was found to be a promising way to polish the treated wastewater. Wastewater passing through wetlands followed by sand filters resulted in an average ammonia removal efficiency of 67.1% while the CW alone resulted in an average ammonia removal of only 27.0%. Not only did sand filters improve ammonia removal in constructed wetlands, but also enhanced the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP). Discriminant analysis was performed to analyze overall performance of the CW and the CW with the sand filters. It showed that the general performance of the CW and the CW with the sand filters was significantly different at a confidence level of 0.05. The results showed that sand filters can significantly upgrade the CW effluent to meet more stringent water quality standards. Sand filters can increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the CW effluent, especially during the initial period of the wetland system, and improve the nitrification mechanism in the CW. However, it was found that the difference of the DO level between the sand filter effluent and the CW effluent began to decrease along with the operation of the wetlands. Ultimately, the DO of sand filter effluent was lower than that of CW effluent after about 3 years of wetland operation, and thus, nitrification efficiency of the CW effluent was affected.

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Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Performance at a Pennsylvania Campground and Conference Center

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrate Removal in a Riparian Wetland of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province

Nitrate Removal in a Riparian Wetland of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province

Pesticide Removal from Container Nursery Runoff in Constructed Wetland Cells

Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands and Sand Filters Performance Evaluation Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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