Subsurface detection of fossil fuel pollutants by photoionization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Robbat, Albert; Considine, Thomas; Antle, Patrick M.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.005

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After the first penetration into the upper phase boundary of the source zone and its resulting carry‐over effect on the transfer line, gas samples at different depths are not representative for this depth. The concept of analyzing gas samples from different depths with sample loops, sorbent trapping or freeze trapping (Constanza and Davis 2000; Rogge et al 2001; Bronders et al 2009; Robbat et al 2010) to be able to characterize depth‐dependent substance distributions must therefore be seen as critical. Results obtained using the MIP system coupled with the mobile mass spectrometer showed that the superposition of substances is complex and nonlinear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This length was chosen to enforce the carry-over effect of the transfer line. However, investigating heated transfer line applications (Robbat et al 2010) is not the objective of this research. To obtain a realistic understanding of the relation between the time-dependent signals of the photoionization detector (PID) and the coupled mobile mass spectrometer, an A/D converter (NI 6216, National Instruments, Austin, Texas) with a high sampling rate (of 250 ms) is used.…”

Section: Membrane Interface Probementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carry‐Over Effects of the Membrane Interface Probe

Bumberger¹,

Radny

Berndsen³

et al. 2011

Groundwater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The membrane interface probe (MIP) is widely used to characterize the subsurface distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). One problem that arises during MIP application is that disproportionately high MIP signals are obtained after passing source zones which contain mobile or residual phases. This serious problem occurs because of a carry-over effect, in particular caused by compound-specific retention times in the conventional unheated transfer line, commonly used during such an investigation. The objective of this study was to perform a qualitative methodical field evaluation of the carry-over effect of a conventional MIP system with a conventional unheated transfer line. This was achieved by coupling a mobile mass spectrometer to the MIP device. Results obtained were then further compared with those achieved using a laser induced fluorescence (LIF) system. Because of this coupling, time- and depth-dependent signals for different substances became known. Field evaluation data obtained showed complex superpositions of compounds with MIP system results. As a result of this superposition, MIP signals from the saturated zone beneath the source zone (zone with free and/or residual phase) are blurred and are therefore not representative of particular depths. However, utilizing multidirectional probing alongside conventional MIP probing (forwards and backwards), it was possible to detect the upper and lower phase boundary of the source zone. These MIP results correlated excellently with the LIF results. An important conclusion that can be drawn from the field investigation is that coupling a mobile mass spectrometer to the MIP system enables advanced MIP signal interpretation to be successfully achieved.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Membrane Interface Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Carry‐Over Effects of the Membrane Interface Probe

Bumberger¹,

Radny

Berndsen³

et al. 2011

Groundwater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, a good alternative is a direct, fast detection of the VOC vapours using PID detectors. Thus, the efficiency of a PID-GC-MS system was confirmed (Robbat, Considine, & Antle, 2010). PID detector was able to detect the presence or absence of pollutants in real time, while GC-MS quantified the target components from samples in about 5 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Real time monitoring of soil contamination with diesel fuel using photoionization detectors

Bocoş-Binţinţan

Rațiu

Al-Suod

2019

Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil contamination is a very relevant environmental problem, which is directly connected with both groundwater and air contamination. Petroleum products represent often a major source of soil contamination. In this sense, leakage of diesel fuel can cause important environmental problems due to the persistence of it in contaminated soils and to its toxicity at low concentrations. Photoionization detectors (PID) have the ability to evaluate the ampleness of contamination by detection and quantification in real time of diesel fuel vapours. Finally, this achievement can lead to a rapid evaluation (in minutes) of soil contamination and will facilitate the application of most suitable remediation technologies. The purpose of this study was to simulate an accidental spill of diesel on the ground, with the aim to monitor the degree of volatilization of chemical compounds during six weeks. Thus, the reasons behind the low volatility of diesel fuel in the investigated soil samples, based on the trend of volatilization and on soil characteristics as well. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

“…Global decline in oil production and climate change due to pollutant emission are among the most important problems of liquid fossil fuels. − Using renewable energy resources such as solar energy, − wind energy, − and hydroelectric power , is a strategy used to decrease the consumption rate of fossil fuels. Hydrogen has been referred to as another potential energy source. , However, there are significant economical and technological challenges involved in hydrogen storage, transportation, and utilization, which restrict the use of the fuel. , The essential disadvantages of the other sources of energy, some of which are mentioned above, have caused fossil fuels, especially liquid fossil fuels, to be still among the dominant sources of energy in the modern world. , Therefore, in the recent years, many companies and research projects, with the purpose of reaching higher efficiency and lower pollutant emissions, have been seeking methods to enhance the performance of devices which make use of liquid fossil fuels. − Nanoparticles are small-scale particles of metals, oxides, carbides, nitrides, or carbon nanotubes with their typical size being smaller than 100 nm which, due to high surface area and catalytic activity, have recently attracted great interest. , Moreover, the physical properties of nanofluids can be extremely different from those of base fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nanosilver/Water-in-Kerosene Emulsion on NOx Reduction and Enhancement of Thermal Characteristics of a Liquid Fuel Burner

Pourhoseini

Esmaeeli

2017

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated the effect of nanosilver/water-in-kerosene emulsion on thermal and radiative characteristics and pollutant emissions of a liquid burner. The results were compared with the corresponding values resulted from neat kerosene. Light microscopic imaging was used to study microexplosion of the fuel droplets. Also, combining chemiluminescence technique and measurement of pollutant concentrations, a qualitative study was carried out to find out the effect of CO, CO2, water vapor, and intermediate soot particles on the flame emissivity coefficient. The results showed that the Brownian motion of silver nanoparticles and localized convection between nanoparticles and the adjacent fluids increased the evaporation rate of nanoemulsion droplets and the rate of their mixing with oxidizing air. Besides the nanoparticles effect, the secondary injection of nanoemulsion due to microexplosion of water droplets enhanced the mixing rate of nanoemulsion fuel and oxidizing air. Although absorption of heat by water content of nanoemulsion fuel decreased the flame temperature, the nanoemulsion fuel, compared with neat kerosene, enhanced the average radiation of flame by 23%. Further, the results indicated that although CO and CO2 did not change significantly in amount, NOx emission reduced as much as 23.7% when the nanosilver/water-in-kerosene emulsion, instead of neat kerosene, was used.

show abstract

Subsurface detection of fossil fuel pollutants by photoionization and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Carry‐Over Effects of the Membrane Interface Probe

Carry‐Over Effects of the Membrane Interface Probe

Real time monitoring of soil contamination with diesel fuel using photoionization detectors

Effect of Nanosilver/Water-in-Kerosene Emulsion on NOx Reduction and Enhancement of Thermal Characteristics of a Liquid Fuel Burner

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About