Substrate Quality Effects on Decomposition of Three Livestock Manure Composts with Similar Stability Degree in an Acid Loamy Soil

Abstract

Lim SS and Jung JW contributed equally (Co-first authors)Decomposition of compost applied to soils is affected basically by its biological stability; but, many other chemical properties of the compost may also influence compost organic-C mineralization. This study was conducted to investigate the principal substrate quality factors of composts that determine C mineralization of compost with similar stability degree (SD). Three composts samples with similar SD but different chemical properties such as pH, C/N, K 2 SO 4 -extractable C, and molar ratio of NH 4 + to NO 3 -were mixed with an acid loamy soil and CO 2 emission was monitored during the laboratory incubation for 100 days. Temporal pattern of cumulative compost organic-C mineralization expressed as % of total organic C (C % TOC ) followed double exponential first order kinetics model and the C % TOC ranged from 4.8 to 11.8% at the end of incubation. The pattern of C % TOC among the composts was not coincident with the SD pattern (40.1 to 58.6%) of the composts; e.g. compost with the lowest SD resulted in the least C % TOC and vice versa. This result indicates that SD of compost can not serve as a concrete predictor of compost mineralization as SD is subject not only to maturity of compost but also to characteristics of co-composting materials such as rice hull (low SD) and sawdust (high SD). Meanwhile, such pattern of C % TOC collaborated with pH, C/N, K 2 SO 4 -extractable C, and molar ratio of NH 4 + to NO 3 -of the composts that are regarded as chemical indices of the progress of composting. Therefore, for better prediction of compost mineralization in soils, it is necessary to consider both SD and other chemical indices (pH, C/N, and molar ratio of NH 4 + to NO 3 -).

Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology

“…In vermicomposting process, the loss of organic carbon can be attributed to the loss of organic matter from feed mixtures as carbon dioxide through earthworms and microbial respiration as well as assimilation by microbial biomass [30]. In vermicomposting process, a decline in C:N ratio to less than 20 indicates an advanced degree of organic matter stabilization [31] and reflects a satisfactory degree of maturity of organic wastes [32]. Decrease in C:N ratio in vermicomposting process may be due to the microbial respiration and the mineralization of the organic compounds, which are reducing the weight and volume in the mixtures, and increases the total nitrogen content [2,33].…”

Fertilizer and Organic Inputs Effects on CO2and CH4Emission from a Soil under Changing Water Regimes

“…한편, 유기물이 풍부하고 토양개량 및 양분공급효과가 우수하여 화 학비료를 대체할 수 있는 가축분 퇴비나 녹비는 이들 유기물 분해에 의한 CO2의 발생량이 증가하지만, 그 정도는 투입되 는 유기물 기질의 특성에 따라 상이하다 (Lee et al, 2010;Lim et al, 2011;Lim et al, 2012). 예를 들면, 탄소 무기 화 속도 및 무기화 가능한 탄소 용량(pool size)은 탄질비, 리그닌 및 폴리페놀 함량, 암모늄태 질소/질산태 질소비 등 에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다 (Nyberg et al, 2002;Lim et al, 2011;Lim et al, 2012 (Bédard and Knowles, 1989;Hűtsch, 1998 (Gee and Bauder, 1986). 토양은 토양산도(pH), 전기전도도(EC), 총탄소, 총질소, 양이온교환용량(CEC), 토성 을 분석하였다 (Table 1) (Keeney and Nelson, 1982).…”

Insights into nitrogen fluxes in different dairy production systems in northwest Germany

“…Nitrogen occurs naturally as two stable isotopes Chapter 1 | 17 ( 14 N and 15 N) and their natural abundance in plants and soil is recommended as an efficient method for tracking N dynamics and N pathways Amundson et al 2003;. Different types of fertilizers vary in their δ 15 N value and fertilizers of animal origin such as slurry or solid manure are enriched in 15 N compared to synthetic fertilizers Lim et al 2010). The 15 N value is further influenced by processes like element fractionation and discrimination as induced by nitrification, denitrification, and ammonia volatilization as parts of the N cycle .…”