Substrate interactions during aerobic biodegradation of methane, ethene, vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethenes

Freedman, David L.; Danko, Anthony S.; Verce, Matthew F.

doi:10.2166/wst.2001.0320

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Many studies have been carried out over the past 15 years on the cooxidation of CEs by hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria, and the subject has been thoroughly investigated and reviewed (4,12,29,35). Nonetheless, this study uncovered some novel findings, including the unexpected superiority of lactic acid metabolism to supply reductant to BMO, and it illustrated the potential of DCEs to uncover new insights into the regulation of the BMO operon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Dichloroethene Isomers on the Induction and Activity of Butane Monooxygenase in the Alkane-Oxidizing Bacterium “ Pseudomonas butanovora ”

Doughty¹,

Sayavedra-Soto²,

Arp³

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We examined cooxidation of three different dichloroethenes (1,1-DCE, 1,2-trans DCE, and 1,2-cis DCE) by butane monooxygenase (BMO) in the butane-utilizing bacterium "Pseudomonas butanovora." Different organic acids were tested as exogenous reductant sources for this process. In addition, we determined if DCEs could serve as surrogate inducers of BMO gene expression. Lactic acid supported greater rates of oxidation of the three DCEs than the other organic acids tested. The impacts of lactic acid-supported DCE oxidation on BMO activity differed among the isomers. In intact cells, 50% of BMO activity was irreversibly lost after consumption of ϳ20 nmol mg protein ؊1 of 1,1-DCE and 1,2-trans DCE in 0.5 and 5 min, respectively. In contrast, a comparable loss of activity required the oxidation of 120 nmol 1,2-cis DCE mg protein ؊1 . Oxidation of similar amounts of each DCE isomer (ϳ20 nmol mg protein ؊1 ) produced different negative effects on lactic aciddependent respiration. Despite 1,1-DCE being consumed 10 times faster than 1,2,-trans DCE, respiration declined at similar rates, suggesting that the product(s) of oxidation of 1,2-trans DCE was more toxic to respiration than 1,1-DCE. Lactate-grown "P. butanovora" did not express BMO activity but gained activity after exposure to butane, ethene, 1,2-cis DCE, or 1,2-trans DCE. The products of BMO activity, ethene oxide and 1-butanol, induced lacZ in a reporter strain containing lacZ fused to the BMO promoter, whereas butane, ethene, and 1,2-cis DCE did not. 1,2-trans DCE was unique among the BMO substrates tested in its ability to induce lacZ expression.Chlorinated ethenes (CEs), such as perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE), are common groundwater contaminants that have been linked to liver and kidney damage and are suspected carcinogens (1). Although the microbially driven process of reductive dechlorination can effectively reduce the concentrations of both PCE and TCE under anaerobic groundwater conditions (5,23,27,28), partially dechlorinated products, such as dichloroethenes (DCEs), often persist and disperse in groundwater plumes (35). Recent evidence has emerged for the existence of bacteria that will grow aerobically on 1,2-cis DCE as a sole C source, yet their enrichment is difficult and growth is extremely slow (8). In contrast, it is well documented that hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms are able to degrade DCEs via reductant-driven cooxidative mechanisms (4,6,9,15,17,19,38,39). Unfortunately, the need for the natural hydrocarbon to serve both as enzyme inducer and source of reductant results in competition between the natural substrate and CEs, and cooxidation efficiency is compromised (6,11,21,24,25,37).In this connection, several studies have shown that a combination of TCE and nonhydrocarbon substrates simultaneously induce the genes for toluene oxygenases and provide reductant for TCE oxidation by some toluene-degrading bacterial strains (26,30,36,41). Conceptually, this observation has some appeal for bioremediation because it implies that ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effects of Dichloroethene Isomers on the Induction and Activity of Butane Monooxygenase in the Alkane-Oxidizing Bacterium “ Pseudomonas butanovora ”

Doughty¹,

Sayavedra-Soto²,

Arp³

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Strain AJ was isolated from an enrichment culture developed with sediment and groundwater from a hazardous waste site in California that is contaminated with chlorinated ethenes (14). The isolate was initially grown in MSM with VC as its sole source of carbon and energy and with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor, through numerous transfers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes and ethanes was documented in the anaerobic source area, along with apparent oxidation of the daughter products (including VC) in the downgradient aerobic region. A sediment and groundwater sample from monitoring well 3037 in the aerobic portion of the plume was used to set up microcosms (14). An enrichment culture was developed by repeatedly supplying VC as the only source of carbon and energy and then transferring an aliquot to MSM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Linear Plasmids in Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride

Danko

Luo

Bagwell

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

114

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Pseudomonas putida strain AJ and Ochrobactrum strain TD were isolated from hazardous waste sites based on their ability to use vinyl chloride (VC) as the sole source of carbon and energy under aerobic conditions. Strains AJ and TD also use ethene and ethylene oxide as growth substrates. Strain AJ contained a linear megaplasmid (approximately 260 kb) when grown on VC or ethene, but it contained no circular plasmids. While strain AJ was growing on ethylene oxide, it was observed to contain a 100-kb linear plasmid, and its ability to use VC as a substrate was retained. The linear plasmids in strain AJ were cured, and the ability of strain AJ to consume VC, ethene, and ethylene oxide was lost following growth on a rich substrate (LuriaBertani broth) through at least three transfers. Strain TD contained three linear plasmids, ranging in size from approximately 90 kb to 320 kb, when growing on VC or ethene. As with strain AJ, the linear plasmids in strain TD were cured following growth on Luria-Bertani broth and its ability to consume VC and ethene was lost. Further analysis of these linear plasmids may help reveal the pathway for VC biodegradation in strains AJ and TD and explain why this process occurs at many but not all sites where groundwater is contaminated with chloroethenes. Metabolism of VC and ethene by strains AJ and TD is initiated by an alkene monooxygenase. Their yields during growth on VC (0.15 to 0.20 mg of total suspended solids per mg of VC) are similar to the yields reported for other isolates (i.e., Mycobacterium sp., Nocardioides sp., and Pseudomonas sp.).Millions of tons of vinyl chloride (VC) are produced each year, primarily for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (25). However, the occurrence of VC in groundwater is typically not a consequence of direct releases to the environment. VC contamination of groundwater results mainly from the transformation of other chlorinated aliphatic compounds, including the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated ethenes and the dehydrohalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane (41). It has recently been demonstrated that VC is also formed naturally in soils, presumptively during oxidative reactions involving humic substances, chloride ions, and an oxidant (23). This process may have started as long as 400 million years ago (23), so it seems reasonable to expect that biodegradation processes also developed long ago.Reduction of VC to ethene is typically the rate-limiting step in the overall reduction of chlorinated ethenes, which can lead to the accumulation of VC in groundwater (13, 31). The comparatively low rate of VC reduction may be related to this reaction being cometabolic in some strains of Dehalococcoides, although other strains have recently been shown to be capable of respiring with VC (9, 19). Oxidative acetogenesis of VC has also been documented for anaerobic sediments (2), although the extent of this process at most locations is not yet known.In locations where anaerobic groundwater transitions to aerobic conditions, VC that migrates from the anaero...

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“…The usefulness of strain NBB4 for cDCE bioremediation appears to exceed that of physiologically-similar cometabolic cultures, e.g. Mycobacterium strain TRW-2 (Fathepure et al 2005), the mixed culture K20 (Koziollek et al 1999) and a VC-degrading enrichment (Freedman et al 2001), which all required their growth substrate to be present for effective cDCE turnover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of vinyl chloride, cis-dichloroethene and 1,2-dichloroethane in the alkene/alkane-oxidising Mycobacterium strain NBB4

Coleman

2011

Biodegradation

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Mycobacterium chubuense strain NBB4 can grow on both alkanes and alkenes as carbon sources, and was hypothesised to be an effective bioremediation agent for chlorinated aliphatic pollutants. In this study, the ability of NBB4 to biodegrade vinyl chloride (VC), cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA) was investigated under pure-culture conditions and in microcosms. Ethene-grown NBB4 cells were capable of biodegrading VC and cDCE, while ethane-grown cells could biodegrade cDCE and DCA. The stoichiometry of inorganic chloride release (1 mol/mol in each case) indicated that VC was completely dechlorinated, while cDCE and DCA were only partially dechlorinated, yielding chloroacetate in the case of DCA, and unknown metabolites in the case of cDCE. The apparent maximum specific activities (k) of whole cells against ethene, cDCE, ethane and DCA were 93 ± 4.6, 89 ± 18, 39 ± 5.5, and 4.8 ± 0.9 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, while the substrate affinities (K(S)) of whole cells with the same substrates were 2.0 ± 0.15, 46 ± 11, 11 ± 0.33 and 4.0 ± 3.2 μM, respectively. In microcosms containing contaminated aquifer sediments and groundwater, NBB4 cells removed 85-95% of the pollutants (cDCE or DCA at 2 mM) within 24 h, and the cells remained viable for >1 month. Due to its favourable kinetic parameters, and robust survival and biodegradation activities, strain NBB4 is a promising candidate for bioremediation of chlorinated aliphatic pollutants.

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Substrate interactions during aerobic biodegradation of methane, ethene, vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethenes

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Dichloroethene Isomers on the Induction and Activity of Butane Monooxygenase in the Alkane-Oxidizing Bacterium “ Pseudomonas butanovora ”

Effects of Dichloroethene Isomers on the Induction and Activity of Butane Monooxygenase in the Alkane-Oxidizing Bacterium “ Pseudomonas butanovora ”

Involvement of Linear Plasmids in Aerobic Biodegradation of Vinyl Chloride

Biodegradation of vinyl chloride, cis-dichloroethene and 1,2-dichloroethane in the alkene/alkane-oxidising Mycobacterium strain NBB4

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