Substitution effect of white radish (Raphanus sativus L.)’ by-product and tunic of sea squirt (Halocynthia rorentzi, von Drasche) for Undaria pinnatifida in feed of abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846)

Abstract

Substitution effect of white radish' by-product (WRB) and tunic of sea squirt (TSS) for Undaria in feed on growth and carcass composition of abalone was determined. Eight-hundred forty juveniles were distributed into 12 containers. Three formulated diets were prepared in triplicate. A 15% Undaria was included in the control diet. The 15% Undaria was substituted with a same amount of WRB and TSS, referred to as the DRG and TSS diets, respectively. Finally, dry Undaria was also prepared to compare effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level with a little leftover. The feeding trial lasted for 16 weeks. Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash content of the experimental diets changed over all period of time. Higher crude protein and lipid and ash contents retained in all formulated diets compared to the Undaria were observed at 24 and 48 h after seawater immersion. Survival of abalone was not affected by the experimental diets. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the TSS diet was greater than all other diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the control diet was not different from those of abalone fed the WRB diet. Proximates of the soft body of abalone was affected by the diets. In conclusion, WRB and TSS are the promising feed ingredients to replace Undaria in abalone feed; especially, TSS is superior to either Undaria or WRB. The formulated diets produced improved growth performance of abalone over the single Undaria.

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus ( Citrus unshiu , Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone ( Haliotis discus , Reeve 1846)

“…Higher retention of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and ash contents in all formulated diets compared to the dry U. pinnatifida at all period of observations, except for crude lipid content in the CPB1000 diet at 12 hr after seawater immersion in this study, was partially accountable for superior growth performance of abalone fed the formers to the latter. This could be well explained by other studies showing that higher water stability of nutrients in formulated feeds compared to the single U. pinnatifida could be another reason for superior growth performance of abalone ( H. discus ) fed the formers (Ansary et al, ; Lee et al, ). Lee et al () also reported that the retained dry matter and crude protein content were lower in U. pinnatifida compared to all extruded pellets and S .…”

“…The most important advantages of using fruit by-products as abalone diet are to reduce the dependence of abalone on MA, which is expensive and limited in seasonal availability with low nutrition, and to eradicate cost of waste compilation, transportation and management programme. Similarly, some studies have been reported comparable growth performance of aquatic animals including abalone fed the diets substituting MA with food and plant by-products (tuna by-product, tunic meal of sea squirt, rice bran and white radish by-product) for fish meal and MA Jeon, Kim, Myung, & Cho, 2014;Lee et al, 2016;Lee, Kim, Choi, et al, 2017a;Lee et al, 2018). The desirable effect of citrus peel on growth of land animals, such as rats (Lim, Lee, & Kim, 2014), broiler (Ebrahimi, Qotbi, Seidavi, & Bagar, 2014;Siyal et al, 2016) and rabbit (Ojabo, Adenkola, & Odaudu, 2012), has also been reported.…”

“…Abalone farmers are likely to feed abalone on MA, such as Undaria pinnatifida Harvey or Saccharina japonica Areschoug due to easy management of farms in Korea (Kim, Kim, & Cho, ; Lee, Kim, Choi, et al, ). However, these MA are exclusively available during the winter season in wild, so farmers generally use dry or salted MA during the rest of other seasons (Lee et al, ).…”

“…Food and vegetable by‐product can be a good source of feed ingredient in formulated feed for aquatic animals including abalone. Different sources of food and crop by‐products, such as tuna by‐product meal (Jung et al, ), tunic meal of sea squirt (Choi et al, ) and rice bran (Kim, Jeong, et al, ; Lee et al, ) for fish meal and MA, have been reported in abalone. Reyes and Fermin () also reported that locally available year‐around terrestrial leaf meal ( Moringa oliefera Lam) and aquatic fern ( Azolla pinnata R.…”

“…Different sources of food and crop by-products, such as tuna byproduct meal , tunic meal of sea squirt and rice bran (Kim, Jeong, et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2018) for fish meal and MA, have been reported in abalone. Reyes and Fermin (2003) also reported that locally available year-around terrestrial leaf meal (Moringa oliefera Lam) and aquatic fern (Azolla pinnata R.…”